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关键词： Transcriptional profiling   Meninges   Calvaria   Cranial mesenchyme   Craniofacial development   Mouse  

摘要： In the head of an embryo, a layer of mesenchyme surrounds the brain underneath the surface ectoderm. This cranial mesenchyme gives rise to the meninges, the calvaria (top part of the skull), and the dermis of the scalp. Abnormal development of these structures, especially the meninges and the calvaria, is linked to significant congenital defects in humans. It has been known that different areas of the cranial mesenchyme have different fates. For example, the calvarial bone develops from the cranial mesenchyme on the baso-lateral side of the head just above the eye (supraorbital mesenchyme, SOM), but not from the mesenchyme apical to SOM (early migrating mesenchyme, EMM). However, the molecular basis of this difference is not fully understood. To answer this question, we compared the transcriptomes of EMM and SOM using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). This experiment identified a large number of genes that were differentially expressed in EMM and SOM, and gene ontology analyses found very different terms enriched in each region. We verified the expression of about 40 genes in the head by RNA in situ hybridization, and the expression patterns were annotated to make a map of molecular markers for 6 subdivisions of the cranial mesenchyme. Our data also provided insights into potential novel regulators of cranial mesenchyme development, including several axon guidance pathways, lectin complement pathway, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and ZIC family transcription factors. Together, information in this paper will serve as a unique resource to guide future research on cranial mesenchyme development.

关键词： BDE47   BDE99   BDE209   Danio rerio   Histopathogy   Real-time PCR  

摘要： Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants. Biomonitoring studies have shown widespread presence of PBDEs in humans and their accumulation in food chain cause concern to human health, especially for foetus and infant development. The early-life stages are generally considered more sensitive to exposure to toxic compounds than juvenile or adults. For this reason the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the three most environmentally relevant BDE (BDE- 47, 99 and 209) on zebrafish embryos. The fish embryo toxicity (FET) OECD tests on zebrafish were performed followed by histopathogical examination to assess morphological changes. The gene expression of the thyroid stimulating hormone beta (Tsh beta), the transport proteins transthyretin (Ttr) and thyroxine-binding globulin (Tbg) as well as the enzyme iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (Diol) was also assessed by Real-time PCR. BDE-47 and BDE-99 showed an increase of the severity of the effects at the lower concentrations while for the BDE-209 the effects were higher to the high concentrations. Although all compounds did not show any acute toxicity for none of the concentrations tested, they reported interesting sub-acute lesions, including yolk and pericardial edema, tail and head malformation, reduced and extremely reduced heart beat rate, blood stasis and spinal curvature, with the highest percentage recorded for BDE-209. Cardiac edema, damage of eye structure and hydrocephaly were confirmed also by histophatological examination. Furthermore, a toxic and dose-dependent liver vacuolization in BDE-209 was observed in all experimental groups. Although no statistically significant difference in gene expression was observed, BDE-209 up-regulated only Diol while the other congeners induced Tsh beta, Ttr, Tbg and Diol. Overall, this research highlighted that exposure to BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209 at realistic concentrations caused lethal and sub-lethal alterations and impaired genes involved

关键词： 组织学   胚胎学   临床医学专业   课程质量标准   构建  

摘要： 伴随当前高等教育逐步开始深化,慢慢的高等教育工作从精英教育转化为大众教育,所以在符合精英人才培养的过程中,还需要注意对各种应用型人才进行培养,只有如此才能符合现代化建设的具体需要。高职院校就是进行应用型人才培养的重要场所。本文重点分析临床医学专业组织学与胚胎学课程质量标准的构建,在此基础上希望能够对应用型的医学生进行培养,让他们的能力提高,适应岗位,胜任相关工作,以供参考。

关键词： 记忆方法   家畜解剖学与胚胎组织学   思维导图记忆法  

摘要： 文章以马仲华主编的第三版《家畜解剖及组织胚胎学》教材为例,首先通过思维导图记忆法、图表记忆法、绘图法与口诀法、联想记忆法阐述了家畜解剖学与胚胎组织学理论教学中运用的记忆方法,然后分析了多种记忆方法在家畜解剖学与胚胎组织学理论教学中的应用效果。

关键词： “雨课堂”   教育模式   教学改革   教学效果  

摘要： 在移动互联网与大数据背景下,清华大学和教育部在线教育研究中心推出的智慧教学工具"雨课堂",成为改变高等教育模式的一股新力量。作者将"雨课堂"引入《动物组织胚胎学》教学中,课前推送预习资料,课中实现师生实时互动,课后推送复习和拓展资料,充分调动学生学习兴趣,极大地提高了学生的学习效率,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 转化医学   基础医学   组织学与胚胎学   教学理念  

摘要： 转化医学的核心概念即将基础科学工作者和临床医生之间建立起即时的联系和沟通,此种模式打破了以往固有的基础医学与药物研发、临床及公共卫生之间的屏障,并建立起直接关联;从实验室到病床,把基础研究获得的知识成果快速转化为临床和公共卫生方面的防治新方法。组织学与胚胎学是与转化医学密切相关的基础医学学科之一,该文围绕组织学与胚胎学教学过程中深化转化医学理念的必要性,并围绕如何在该门基础医学课程中有序推进基于转化医学理念的组织学与胚胎学教学改革的途径进行了有价值的探讨。

关键词： 混合式教学法   学生为中心   组织胚胎学实验教学  

摘要： 探讨学生为中心的混合式教学法在组织胚胎学实验教学中的教学效果。方法 选取2017级康复本科专业学生85人作为混合式教学组,2016级康复本科专业学生83人作为传统教学组,应用不同的实验教学方法,对比两组学生的学习效果。 结果 混合式教学组学生的学习满意度明显优于传统教学组,且实验成绩明显优于传统教学组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 混合式教学法有利于提高学生学习积极性、参与度、学生自主学习能力和学习成绩,同时也提升了教师的教学水平。

关键词： al.   continuously   embryo  

摘要： Single-cell RNA-seq,with its capability to align cells of continuously changed status by pseudo-time reconstruction,has greatly revolutionized the understanding of cell fate transition during embryo development(Shapiroetal.,2013;Hoppeetal.,2014).

关键词： glyphosate   hatching   in ovo   newly chicks   Roundup  

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of pure glyphosate or Roundup (R) on hatchability, serum biochemistry and histopathological observation of the liver and kidney of newly hatched chicks. On day six, a total of 225 fertile eggs were obtained from Huafeng breeder hens. The eggs were randomly divided into three treatments: (a) the control group injected with deionized water, (b) the glyphosate group injected 10 mg pure glyphosate/Kg egg mass and (c) the Roundup group injected 10 mg the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup (R)/Kg egg. The results showed a decrease of hatchability rate in chicks treated with Roundup (R) (66%). In addition, no significant change was observed in body weights, yolk sac weight and relative weight organs except the liver and kidney were significantly increased with groups treated with glyphosate and Roundup (R) compared to the control group. The results showed that serum protein profiles were linearly significantly increased of serum phosphor, uric acid, aspirate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in groups treated with Roundup (R), as well as the serum concentrations of triglyceride altered after treatment with glyphosate. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the treated chicks, the glyphosate and Roundup (R) induced changes of the content of malondialdehyde in both the liver and kidney, moreover decrease of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the kidney tissue and serum. Additionally, changes also happened in the histomorphology of the liver and kidney tissue of the treated chicks. It can be concluded that Roundup (R) as a probable decrease of hatchability. Exposure to glyphosate alone or Roundup (R) caused liver and kidney histopathological alterations, serum parameters imbalances and oxidative stress, also induced a variety of liver and kidney biochemical alterations that might impair normal organ functioning in newly hatched chicks.