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关键词： 组织学   医学基础   整合医学   临床思维   知识体系   教学方法  

摘要： 组织学是一门重要的基础医学学科,与其它医学基础学科以及临床学科有着密切的联系,在整个医学体系的学习中起到承上启下的作用,是医学生接触到的最早的医学基础学科之一,由于远离临床课程,导致学生学习兴趣不高,学习效果不好。因此在组织学理论教学中,引入相关课程以及临床课程的知识点,在整合医学模式下重新构建组织学的知识体系,注重早期培养学生的临床思维能力,加强基础与临床课程的相互联系,是提高组织学理论教学水平的手段之一。

关键词： 中华蜜蜂   胚胎发育   卵裂   胚盘   胚层  

摘要： 【目的】探索雌性中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana胚胎组织发育过程。【方法】在正常蜂群中,用蜂王产卵控制器将蜂王限制在工蜂巢房的巢脾上产卵1 h,蜂王在工蜂巢房中产下的卵是受精的雌性卵,将有卵的巢脾割下放入恒温恒湿箱中培养。恒温恒湿箱中样本所在的位置温度严格控制在35±0.2℃,相对湿度75%±5%。把限王产卵1 h内获得的蜜蜂卵作为0 h胚胎,每隔4 h取样一次。采用石蜡切片技术,对二倍体雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程进行观察。【结果】根据胚胎发育过程中的形态特征,雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程划分为4个阶段:(1)卵裂期(0-12 h),活质体迁移到卵的表面,呈双层排列;(2)胚盘形成期(12-28 h),活质体排列为单层,并形成细胞膜;(3)胚层形成期(28-40 h),侧板覆盖中板,两者在腹中线愈合;(4)胚胎器官系统形成期(40-68 h)。【结论】本研究明确了雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程的形态变化,进行了阶段划分并明确了各发育阶段的形态特征及对应的发育时间。本项研究结果有助于开展与蜜蜂胚胎发育的相关蜜蜂生态学、发育生物学、营养学等课题深入研究。

关键词： 微信公众平台   高职   人体解剖学与组织胚胎学  

摘要： 阐述微信公众平台在辅助高职人体解剖学与组织胚胎学教学过程中的优点,探讨基于微信公众平台的教学方法在实践过程中的优势及不足,以及教师如何合理使用微信公众平台提高学生学习的积极性和课堂参与度,进而提高教学效果。

关键词： 上海中山医院   基础医学院   骨科医师   组织胚胎学   中国临床医学   骨伤科   上海市医学会   脊柱脊髓  

摘要： 由复旦大学附属中山医院骨科、上海市中西医结合学会骨伤科专业委员会、上海市医师协会骨科医师分会关节工作组、《中国临床医学》杂志主办,上海市医学会创伤专业委员会、上海市医学会骨科分会脊柱学组、复旦大学基础医学院解剖与组织胚胎学系、《中华骨科杂志》、《中华创伤杂志》、《中国脊柱脊髓杂志》协办的第六届上海中山骨科学术周将于2020年4月8至13日在上海中山医院召开。

关键词： Anther culture   Anther-derived embryo   Coconut   Cytokinin   Histology  

摘要： Doubled-haploids are a great source of material for heterozygous coconuts to shorten the time taken for crop improvement through hybridization programs. However, low frequency of embryo conversion and formation of weak plantlets are the major limitations in the protocol. In the present study anther-derived embryos were analysed at cellular level through the histological observations to understand the occurrence of shoot differentiation in those embryos. Attempts were also made to optimise the 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentration in the regeneration medium. Among the tested BAP levels (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 mu M), the regeneration medium containing 25 and 35 mu M gave rise to 51.5% sprouted embryos against the control that gave only 22.7%. Among the analysed anther-derived embryos sequential events of differentiation including the formation of provascular strands followed by vascular bundle, differentiation in to the growing point, giving rise to the secondary embryos and polarization in to the shoot and root pole were identified. The blunt embryos devoid any morphological sign of sprouting showed different cellular arrangement viz. haustorial structure without any meristematic point (47%), bipolar with shoot and root meristems (8%) and unipolar with either of the pole (45%). Thick haustorial cover lead to the physical dormancy inhibiting further development of the polar structures. The germinating embryos containing a single shoot gave rise to the healthy plants where as double, multiple or fused shoots formed the week plantlets. The findings can be used for further optimisation of the protocol to achieve a greater plant regeneration frequency. Key message 1. Culture media supplemented with increased levels of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) enhanced the regeneration frequency of anther-derived embryos. 2. Thick haustorial tissue created an obstacle effect on further development of the differentiated shoot apical meristem. 3. Formation of clustered plants through secon

关键词： salmonid fishes of families Coregonidae and Salmonidae   polyunsaturated fatty acids   eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)   docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)   embryogenesis  

摘要： A hypothesis was advanced and grounded that the total content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3) acids in fish muscle tissue is associated with the species-specific (taxon-specific) duration of embryo development. A meta-analysis of the original and published data was performed using fishes of the families Coregonidae and Salmonidae as an example. Fishes with longer embryo development times, which are observed at lower temperatures, were found to have significantly higher EPA + DHA contents in muscles as compared with the species that belong to the same families but have shorter embryo development times. This association was explained by the fact that an embryo forms more cells per unit tissue volume at lower temperatures, which requires a greater specific amount of cell membranes and, therefore, greater amounts of EPA and DHA to produce them.

关键词： Axis specification   Spemann organizer   Chordin   Arthropod evolution   Model organism   Parasteatoda tepidariorum  

摘要： Bilaterally symmetric body plans of vertebrates and arthropods are defined by a single set of two orthogonal axes, the anterior-posterior (or head-tail) and dorsal-ventral axes. In vertebrates, and especially amphibians, complete or partial doubling of the bilaterian body axes can be induced by two different types of embryological manipulations: transplantation of an organizer region or bi-sectioning of an embryo. Such axis doubling relies on the ability of embryonic fields to flexibly respond to the situation and self-regulate toward forming a whole body. This phenomenon has facilitated experimental efforts to investigate the mechanisms of vertebrate body axes formation. However, few studies have addressed the self-regulatory capabilities of embryonic fields associated with body axes formation in non-vertebrate bilaterians. The pioneer spider embryologist angstrom ke Holm reported twinning of spider embryos induced by both types of embryological manipulations in 1952;yet, his experiments have not been replicated by other investigators, and access to spider or non-vertebrate twins has been limited. In this review, we provide a historical background on twinning experiments in spiders, and an overview of current twinning approaches in familiar spider species and related molecular studies. Moreover, we discuss the benefits of the spider model system for a deeper understanding of the ancestral mechanisms of body axes formation in arthropods, as well as in bilaterians.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   综合性实验   教学改革  

摘要： 为激发医学生对组织学与胚胎学的学习兴趣,增强学生的实践能力和探索精神,提高实验教学质量,同时为响应教育改革的要求,尝试在组织胚胎学实验教学融入多种综合性实验。学生对此教学模式表现出极高的兴趣和参与热情,能够提高组织胚胎学的教学质量。

关键词： HOXA10   子宫内膜组织   市妇幼保健院   蛋白阴性   妊娠组   临床妊娠   妊娠结局   月经周期  

摘要： 目的探讨子宫内膜组织中同源框基因A10(HOXA10)、肝素结合性表皮生长因子(HB-EGF)的表达与体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的相关性。方法选取2016年3月至2018年3月在贵阳市妇幼保健院接受IVF-ET治疗的患者,在进入IVF-ET周期的前一月经周期的种植窗口期进行IVF-ET预移植,同时采用微活检术获取少许子宫内膜组织,最终获取125例患者的种植窗口期子宫内膜组织;这些患者进入IVF-ET周期后有57例获得临床妊娠、68例未妊娠,采用随机数字表法随机选取50例未妊娠者作为未妊娠组、50例妊娠者作为妊娠组,对其在预移植时获取的种植窗口期子宫内膜分别进行免疫组化SP法检测HOXA10、HB-EGF的表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白印迹法检测HOXA10、HB-EGF mRNA和蛋白的表达量,并采用logistic回归分析导致IVF-ET妊娠失败的危险因素。结果HOXA10和HB-EGF在两组患者的种植窗口期子宫内膜中均呈阳性表达,未妊娠组HOXA10和HB-EGF的吸光度值均明显低于妊娠组(分别为0.196±0.013、0.238±0.005和0.222±0.003、0.232±0.004,P均<0.01);未妊娠组HOXA10、HB-EGF的阳性表达率明显低于妊娠组[分别为60%(30/50)、92%(46/50)和36%(18/50)、58%(29/50),P均<0.05]。未妊娠组HOXA10、HB-EGF mRNA(分别为0.77±0.07、1.05±0.04和0.73±0.04、1.04±0.03)和蛋白的表达量(分别为0.230±0.062、0.671±0.082和0.041±0.010、0.090±0.018)均明显低于妊娠组(P均<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄>34岁、HOXA10蛋白阴性表达、HB-EGF蛋白阴性表达均是影响IVF-ET妊娠失败的独立危险因素(OR值分别为4.715、6.124、5.098,P均<0.01)。结论子宫内膜中HOXA10、HB-EGF高表达与IVF-ET妊娠成功密切相关,而年龄>34岁、HOXA10蛋白阴性表达、HB-EGF蛋白阴性表达均可增加IVF-ET妊娠失败的风险。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   受精卵发育   知识框架   人体发育   医学生培养   微细结构   教学改革   教学模式  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学这门课程中包括2部分内容,即组织学和胚胎学。组织学是研究正常人体微细结构和相关功能的学科,而胚胎学是研究从受精卵发育形成新生个体的过程。从概念上可以看出这2部分内容是相互独立的部分。分析组织学与胚胎学的国内外教学模式的现状,结合目前的国内教学改革大趋势,将组织学与胚胎学的原本独立的2部分内容,以人体发育过程为主线,将两部分知识体系进行重新构建,目的是用有限的学时,让学生能学到更多有用的知识,并提高学生的学习兴趣,同时也可以弥补在医学生培养体系中,从出生后的生长发育过程中各器官组织学结构特点和变化规律等相关知识的缺失。