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关键词： 《组织学与胚胎学》   多元化   教学法   应用   实践  

摘要： 目的:分析和研究多元化教学法在胚胎学教学中的教学效果。方法:研究对象为我校2018级口腔专业的182名学生,使用随机分组法将这182名学生均分为对照组(91例)和观察组(91例),将常规教学法应用于对照组,将多元化教学法应用于观察组。将两组学生的理论知识、实践操作及综合应用成绩进行对比。结果:观察组理论知识、实践操作及综合应用分数均高于对照组,组间对比差别较大,统计学意义明显(P<0.05)。向全部学生发放调查表了解学生对多元化教学的认同程度。经过调查显示90%以上的学生支持多元化教学。结论:多元化教学法在胚胎学中可以提高学生的学习积极性,有利于培养学生的综合素质,对于学生掌握基础医学知识具有推动作用。

关键词： 微课教学   人体解剖学   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 人体解剖学与组织胚胎学是一门医学类基础学科,为将来的临 床药理或病例解析的学习打下良好基础。但是其内容比较枯燥且抽 象,需要学生记忆的部分比较多,因此如果单纯对照课本进行讲解, 学生无法很好地理解。进而给学生将来专业课的学习造成影响。传 统的教学理念中,很少提倡理论与实践的结合,忽略了学生亲身体 验的重要性,因此较大程度地限制了学生的创造能力与想象能力, 无法充分调动学生自主学习的积极性。

关键词： Chicken embryo   Heart rate   Acute hypoxia  

摘要： Acute exposure to hypoxic conditions is a frequent natural event during the development of bird eggs. However, little is known about the effect of such exposure on the ability of young embryos in which cardiovascular regulation is not yet developed to maintain a normal heart rate (HR). To address this question, we studied the effect of 10-20 min of exposure to moderate or severe acute hypoxia (10% or 5% O-2, respectively) on the HR of day 4 (D4) chicken embryos. In ovo, video recording of the beating embryo heart inside the egg revealed that severe, but not moderate, hypoxia resulted in significant HR changes. The HR response to severe hypoxia consisted of two phases: the first phase, consisting of an initial decrease in HR, was followed by a phase of partial HR recovery. Upon the restoration of normoxia, after an overshoot period of a few minutes, the HR completely recovered to its basal level. In vitro (isolated heart preparation), the first phase of the HR response to severe hypoxia was strengthened (nearly complete heart silencing) compared to that in ovo, and the HR recovery phase was greatly attenuated. Furthermore, neither an overshoot period nor complete HR recovery after hypoxia was observed. Thus, the D4 chicken embryo heart can partially maintain its rhythm during hypoxia in ovo, but not in vitro. Some factors from the egg, such as catecholamines, are likely to be critical for avian embryo responding to hypoxic condition and survival.

关键词： coronary vessel   heart   hypoxia   VEGF-A  

摘要： Background Vasculature is formed by responding to homeostatic tissue demands including in developing hearts. Hypoxia generally stimulates vascular formation in which vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays a critical role. Gestational hypoxia increases the risk of low intrauterine growth and low birth weight, both of which are known to increase the risk of the fetus developing cardiovascular defects. In fact, continuous gestational mild hypoxia (14% O-2) from the mid-embryonic stage causes cardiac anomalies accompanied by a thinning compact layer in mice in vivo. Because coronary vasculature formation is necessary for compact layers to thicken, we hypothesized that defective coronary vessel organization is related to the thinning compact layer under gestational hypoxia conditions. Results Continuous gestational mild hypoxia (14% O-2) applied from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) reduced the expression of VEGF-A mRNA and proteins by over 60% in E12.5 hearts relative to control normoxic hearts. Formation of CD31-positive vascular plexus, blood islands, and microvessels in embryonic ventricles were stunted by gestational hypoxia compared to control E12.5 hearts. Conclusions Our results suggest that mild hypoxia (14% O-2) does not induce coronary vessel organization or VEGF-A expression in developing mouse hearts, opposing the general effects of hypoxia-triggering vascular organization and VEGF-A expression.

关键词： PFBS   Hypoxia   Interaction   Developmental toxicity   Endocrine disruption   Marine medaka embryo  

摘要： The co-occurrence of hypoxia and xenobiotics is extremely common in natural environments, highlighting the necessity to elicit their interaction on aquatic toxicities. In the present study, marine medaka embryos were exposed to various concentrations (nominal 0, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg/L) of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an environmental pollutant of emerging concern, under either normoxia (6.9 mg/L) or hypoxia (1.7 mg/L) condition. After acute exposure fill 15 days post-fertilization, single or combined toxicities of PFBS and hypoxia on embryonic development (e.g., mortality, hatching and heartbeat) and endocrine systems were investigated. Sex and thyroid hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptional changes of endocrine genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR assays. Co-exposure to 10 mg/L PFBS and hypoxia caused a further reduction in survival rate and heart beat compared to single exposure. PFBS induced a precocious hatching, while no larvae hatched under hypoxia condition. By disturbing the balance of sex hormones, either PFBS or hypoxia single exposure produced an anti-estrogenic activity in medaka larvae. However, PFBS and hypoxia combinations reversed to estrogenic activity in co-exposed larvae. Variation in disrupting pattern may be attributed to the interactive effects on steroidogenic pathway involving diverse cytochrome P450 enzymes. Regarding thyroid system, PFBS exposure caused detriments of multiple processes along thyroidal axis (e.g., feedback regulation, synthesis and transport of thyroid hormones, receptor-mediated signaling and thyroid gland development), while hypoxia potently impaired the development and function of thyroid gland. Combinations of PFBS and hypoxia interacted to dysregulate the function of thyroid endocrine system. In summary, the present study revealed the dynamic interaction of PFBS pollutant and hypoxia on aquatic developmental toxicities and endocrine disruption. Considering the frequen

关键词： Placenta   Pathology   Fresh embryo transfer   Frozen embryo transfer   IVF  

摘要： Purpose To study whether placentas of singleton pregnancies conceived after fresh embryo transfer (ET) contain more histopathological lesions compared with placentas of singleton pregnancies conceived after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Methods A prospective cohort study of placental histopathology in 131 women with singleton IVF pregnancies who delivered at a single medical center, between December 2017 and May 2019. The prevalence of different placental histopathology lesions was compared between women who conceived after fresh ET and FET. Results Women who conceived after fresh ET (n = 74) did not differ from women who conceived after FET (n = 57) with regard to maternal age, BMI, nulliparity, or infertility diagnosis. Gestational week at delivery was lower in pregnancies conceived after fresh ET (38.5 vs. 39.2 weeks, respectively, p = 0.04), and a trend for a lower birthweight following fresh ET was noted (3040 vs. 3216 g, respectively, p = 0.053). However, placental histopathology analysis from pregnancies conceived after fresh ET was comparable to pregnancies conceived after FET, with regard to the prevalence of maternal vascular malperfusion lesions (45.9% vs. 50.9%, respectively, p = 0.57), fetal vascular malperfusion lesions (17.6% vs. 21.1, p = 0.61), acute inflammatory response lesions (28.4% vs. 28.1%, respectively, p = 0.96), and chronic inflammatory response lesions (13.5% vs. 8.8%, respectively, p = 0.48). Conclusion Placental histopathology did not differ between IVF pregnancies conceived after fresh and frozen ET. These results are reassuring for clinicians and patients who wish to pursue with transferring fresh embryos.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   课程体系   建设研究  

摘要： 随着时代的发展和社会的进步,新兴科学成为中国科学发展史上的发展主流,并且在技术的进步下,新兴科学研究逐渐深入,也为世界科学技术的发展带去了全新的发展动机和发展机会。《组织胚胎学》是基础医学的必修课程,但是在课程教学过程中,仍然有很多课程建设和课程开发过程中存在的问题,影响到整体的课程进度和课程开展效率。本文主要对《组织胚胎学》的课程体系建设进行研究分析。

关键词： 慕课(MOOC)   细胞工程   线上教学   线下教学  

摘要： 慕课(MOOC)作为一种创新型的教学模式,近几年方兴未艾;作者将一流大学相关MOOC资源引入“细胞工程”课程,同时对怎样遴选MOOC资源、怎样定位MOOC在教学过程中的角色、怎样实现MOOC资源优势在“线下课堂”效能的最大化、怎样在MOOC资源的助力下,建设优质课程,逐一进行了实践探索。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   “空中课堂”   网络教学平台   混合式教学  

摘要： 基于网络教学平台进行资源建设与应用,基于直播平台进行直播教学,我校《组织学与胚胎学》课程也进行了“空中课堂”在线教学。本文列出了网络教学平台资源建设的设计思路,列出了直播平台教学的具体方式,列出了开展教学活动的实施效果,以期为网络教学模式及混合式教学模式的研究提供有价值的参考。

关键词： 2019冠状病毒病   精准在线教学模式   学习通   QQ直播   组织学与胚胎学  

摘要： 2019冠状病毒病(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情特殊时期,为提高居家学生的学习效果,满足学生教学需求,本教学组尝试对我校2019级护理班的组织学与胚胎学课程采用"精准在线教学"模式开展教学,教学过程主要是基于学习通在线创建课程,QQ直播平台精准在线授课,教学评估包括课堂测验、章节测验、两次阶段测验及课后问卷调查。教学结果显示,该教学模式可以在一定程度上取得实时高效的教学效果,提高居家学生教学满意度,有利于提高学生的自学能力,同时对提升教师的业务水平也有一定帮助,在特殊时期下,值得在一定范围内推广应用。