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关键词： 直播教学   线下教学   培养对象   质量管控   微细结构   教学质量   基础医学课程   培养目标  

摘要： 2019~2020学年春季学期因受新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响后,教育部下发通知要求“停课不停学”,各类院校开始大规模线上直播教学[1]。组织学胚胎学是一门重要的基础医学课程,主要研究人体微细结构及相关功能的科学,具有一定的抽象性[2,3]。在开始直播教学前,本校教务处要求保证直播教学质量,达到线下教学同等培养目标。直播教学质量的保证要求教师对培养对象在培养过程中达到培养目标,质量管控要贯穿整个教学过程[4-5]。

关键词： 线上教学   教学成效   组织学与胚胎学   教学模式   教学内容和方法   几点措施   院校  

摘要： 自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,线上教学在各级学校层层展开,可能成为未来很长一段时间内主要的教学模式。由于准备仓促,大部分院校直接将传统的教学内容和方法复制到线上教学。笔者现就如何提高线上组织学胚胎学教学成效提出几点措施。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   实践模式   思维导图   人类大脑   知识单元   设计框架   思维能力   教学中的应用  

摘要： 思维导图是在20世纪70年代由英国东尼?巴赞提出,它是用图像或者关键词建立记忆连接,挖掘感觉、知觉、记忆和思维能力开启人类大脑的无限潜能。本研究基于思维导图工具,设计制作组织胚胎学各教学知识单元的思维导图及教学设计框架思维导图,创新性建构组织胚胎学教学实践模式,将其应用于组织胚胎学教学实践中,并与传统教学方法的教学实践效果进行对比研究。分别选取我校2018级和2019级医学本科专业4个班级,分为思维导图班和传统教学班。

ISBN: (纸本)9787030689702

关键词： Human stem cells   Synthetic embryology   Gastrulation   Neurulation  

摘要： Recent advances in synthetic human embryology has provided a previously inexistent molecular portrait of human development. Models of synthetic human embryonic tissues capitalize on the self-organizing capabilities of human embryonic stem cells when they are cultured on biomimetic conditions that simulate in vivo human development. In this Review, we discuss these models and how they have shed light on the early stages of human development including amniotic sac development, gastrulation and neurulation. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the molecular logic of embryonic tissue self-organization that have been dissected using synthetic models of human embryology and explore future challenges in the field. Geared with technological advances in bioengineering, high resolution gene expression and imaging tools, these models are set to transform our understanding of the mechanistic basis of embryonic tissue self-organization during human development and how they may go awry in disease.

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   人才培养   “三全育人”  

摘要： 以组织学与胚胎学为例,探讨在教学中实现全员、全过程、全方位育人,为培养具有扎实的组织学与胚胎学理论知识和技能、医德高尚的现代化应用型医学人才服务的途径,希望能为提高医学教育质量提供一定参考。

关键词： 微课   宠物解剖与组织胚胎学   可视化   趣味性   情景化  

摘要： 微课是以微视频为主要载体的信息化教学资源,是对传统课堂学习方式的一种重要补充和拓展。本研究从设计微课的可视化、趣味性和情景化三方面探讨了微课的开发,旨在调动学生学习的兴趣,提升学习的效率;将宠物解剖、组织胚胎学与临床相结合,提高人才培养的质量,为兽医(宠物医护方向)专业教学过程中的职业学习和职业培养提供帮助。

关键词： 问题导向式教学法   讲授式教学法   组织胚胎学   高等职业教育  

摘要： 目的观察问题导向式教学法(PBL)在组织胚胎学教学中的应用价值。方法纳入该校2019年1—12月间80名医学生作为研究样本,根据班别进行分组,其中40名纳入对照组,接受传统的讲授式教学法(LBL);另40名纳入研究组,在LBL基础上融入PBL教学理念,形成复合式教学模式;比较两组系统学习后的考核成绩、学习能力自评与师评情况、教学满意度差异。结果研究组考核成绩、学习能力自评与师评得分均高于对照组,且该组教学满意度(95.00%)高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在组织胚胎学教学中引入PBL授课理念,可有效提升医学生的学习质量,改善学习能力,应用满意度高。

关键词： cowpea transformation   embryonic axis   cotyledonary node (cot‐   node)   shoot organogenesis   spectinomycin   Agrobacterium   CRISPR   Cas  

摘要： Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.

关键词： Tadpoles   Eutrophication   Cardiac histogenesis   Amphibians  

摘要： Amphibians are organisms that suffer high damage from ecological imbalance, since they necessarily have aquatic reproduction and larval phase, being, due to the fragility of this development stage, more susceptible to harmful changes in the environment. The occurrence of environmental hypoxia during development can play an important role in the involvement of serious abnormalities of the central nervous system and heart defects. Bullfrog eggs (Lithobates catesbeianus) (n = 24) were kept in aquariums, with a volume of 5 L, and were divided into two experimental groups: Control Group and Hypoxia Group. The treated groups were kept in experimental conditions during the initial two days of development, being then relocated to aquariums with dechlorinated water and constant aeration. After 12 days the tadpoles had their measurements of mass and length taken and then they were anesthetized by hypothermia, euthanized, and fixed for histological preparation. Animals exposed to hypoxia showed a reduction in body mass and length, as well as a decrease in the mean thickness of the trabeculae of the cardiac tissue. The results show that the acute exposure of bullfrog tadpoles to severe hypoxia has deleterious effects on their development.