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关键词： 组织学   胚胎学   教学方法   课堂教学   实验课  

关键词： 肺肿瘤   胚胎肺   雌激素受体   孕激素受体  

摘要： 探讨原发性肺癌和肺组织雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的表达和意义。方法应用荧光组织化学法测定两种受体。结果肺癌ＥＲ阳性２３．８％（１０／４２），ＰＲ阳性２８．６（１２／４２）；胚胎肺ＥＲ、ＰＲ阳性率男胚均为３０％，女胚均为４０％；非肿瘤肺ＥＲ、ＰＲ全部阴性。肺癌组中，ＥＲ、ＰＲ阳性肿瘤以鳞癌为主；组织分化好其ＥＲ受体有阳性表达倾向，低分化癌及小细胞癌表达倾向阴性。结论与乳癌相似，肺癌中ＰＲ是雌激素诱导合成的蛋白质和反映功能性ＥＲ的标记物；ＥＲ、ＰＲ表达在一定程度上反映癌的分化程度，分化好的癌ＥＲ和ＰＲ阳性率高；ＥＲ和ＰＲ阳性的肺癌为激素依赖性肿瘤，与雌激素靶器官的恶性肿瘤一致。

关键词： 组织发生   人   胚胎   食管   肝  

摘要： 以组织学和组织化学方法观察７周至足月胎儿食管和肝的组织发生。结果，７周胚胎食管上皮为复层柱状，ＰＡＳ反应强阳性；３月胎儿管腔纵行皱襞出现，管壁分层，上皮由复层柱状向复层扁平上皮过度；随着胚胎发育，食管上皮ＰＡＳ反应渐弱。７周肝脏，肝细胞成索状排列，见少许ＰＡＳ反应弱阳性的细胞。３月胎儿肝小叶、门管区出现。随着胚胎发育，肝细胞ＰＡＳ阳性程度渐增，足月胎儿肝细胞为强阳性。此结果可为教学、科研提供参考。

关键词： 宫内胚胎组织残留   药物流产后   彩超诊断   妊娠囊   Doppler   彩色多普勒血流显像   阴道出血   B超检查   杭州   宫腔内  

摘要： 药物流产后若有持续阴道出血,应考虑宫腔内有胚胎组织残留。我们应用了彩色多普勒血流显像(Color Doppler flow image,简称CDFI)检查,现报告如下:1 资料和方法1.1 资料 1996以来,我院收治此类患者37例(年龄24～30y,出血持续时间2～30d)。药物流产前作过B超检查,测定妊娠囊的大小。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   易位式教学法   应用  

关键词： embryogenesis   endosperm   microtubules   preprophase band   suspensor cells   Cymbidium sinense (Andr.) Willd  

摘要： In Cymbidium sinense;the pattern of embryo development is unusual in that oblique cell divisions result in the formation of several suspensor cells prior to the development of the embryo proper. Characteristic changes in microtubular distribution can be found within the zygote and the proembryo during their development. After fertilization, the ellipsoid-shaped zygote has randomly distributed microtubules within its cytoplasm. As the zygote takes on a more rounded appearance, microtubules organize into a dense meshwork. Furthermore, microtubule bundles appear at the chalazal region of the cell prior to the first mitotic division of the zygote. At the preprophase stage of mitosis, a preprophase band of microtubules appears in the cytoplasm of the zygote. The zygote divides obliquely and unequally and gives rise to an apical cell and a slightly larger basal cell. Many randomly-aligned microtubules can be found in the cortex of the basal cell. The increase in the abundance of microtubules coincides with the isotropic expansion of the basal cell. The early division of the basal cell and subsequent division of the apical cell results in the formation of a four-celled embryo, of which three cells near the micropylar pole develop as suspensor cells. In the suspensor cells, the microtubules tend to orient in the same direction as the long axis of the cell. In addition, prominent microtubules can also be found near the adjoining cell walls of the four-celled embryo. The terminal cell is highly cytoplasmic with abundant microtubules within the cell. Subsequent divisions of the terminal cell give rise to additional suspensor cells and the embryo proper. In the mature embryo, five suspensor cells are usually present;one eventually grows through the micropyle of the inner integument and four grow towards the chalazal pole. The cortical microtubules of suspensor cells redistribute from a longitudinal to a transverse direction as they grow towards their respective poles. (C) 1998

关键词： apical meristems   callus   cell division   genes   messenger RNA   mutants   plant development   nucleotide sequences   roots   mutations   tomatoes   transposable elements   plant embryos   vegetables   biotechnology   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  

摘要： The shoot and root apical meristems (SAMs and RAMs, respectively) of higher plants are mechanistically and structurally similar, This has led previously to the suggestion that the SAM and RAM represent modifications of a fundamentally homologous plan of organization. Despite recent interest in plant development, especially in the areas of meristem regulation, genes specifically required for the function of both the SAM and RAM have not yet been identified. Here, we report on a novel gene, Defective embryo and meristems (Dem), of tomato, This gene is required for the correct organization of shoot apical tissues of developing embryos, SAM development, and correct cell division patterns and meristem maintenance in roots. Dem was cloned using transposon tagging and shown to encode a novel protein of 72 kD with significant homology to YNV2, a protein of unknown function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dem is expressed in root and shoot meristems and organ primordia but not in callus. The expression pattern of oem mRNA in combination with the dem mutant phenotype suggests that Dem plays an important role within apical meristems.

关键词： cell adhesion   cell arrangement   lung   submandibular gland   tissue interaction  

摘要： Lung epithelium during morphogenesis maintains a sheet structure of polarized cells lining a lumen, in which E-cadherin, beta-catenin and tight junctional proteins are localized at the cell-cell contact sites. On the other hand, the submandibular gland epithelium at early stages of development forms a non-cavitated mass of cells where E-cadherin/beta-catenin are present on the entire cell surfaces and tight junctional proteins are almost absent or weakly scattered. In the present study. tissue recombination experiments were performed between the two organs to explore roles of mesenchyme in the architectural development of the epithelium. Homotypic recombinants of both submandibular gland and lung showed the tissue architecture as observed in the intact organs. In contrast, 11-day lung epithelium cultured with 13-day submandibular mesenchyme formed multilayers of cells with the lumen being less visible. It was accompanied by redistribution of E-cadherin/beta-catenin along the entire cell surfaces and by an irregular distribution of tight junctional proteins. A similar redistribution of these molecules was observed in 15-day lung epithelium cultured with the submandibular mesenchyme, although the epithelial sheet structure lining the lumen was formed. On the other hand, the tissue architecture of submandibular gland epithelium was little affected by lung mesenchyme, although the epithelium was flattened and showed branching morphogenesis.

关键词： .anti-CD   adhesion molecule   stromal   homotypic   Milan Italy   immunoglobulin superfamily   San Raffaele Scientific   Guttinger   Epithelial like Antigen  

摘要： Thymus development depends on a complex series of interactions between thymocytes and the stromal component of the organ, To identify regulated genes during this codependent developmental relationship, we have applied an RNA fingerprinting technique to the analysis of thymus expansion and maturation induced in recombinase-deficient mice injected with anti-CD3 antibodies, This approach led us to the identification of a gene encoding a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, named epithelial V-like antigen (EVA), which is expressed in thymus epithelium and strongly downregulated by thymocyte developmental progression. This gene is expressed in the thymus and in several epithelial structures early in embryogenesis. EVA is highly homologous to the myelin protein zero and, in thymus-derived epithelial cell lines, is poorly soluble in nonionic detergents, strongly suggesting an association to the cytoskeleton. Its capacity to mediate cell adhesion through a homophilic interaction and its selective regulation by T cell maturation might imply the participation of EVA in the earliest phases of the thymus organogenesis.

关键词： apical meristems   Picea glauca   white spruce   zygotic embryogenesis  

摘要： The first notable sign of shoot and root meristem development in zygotic embryos of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) was the appearance of starch in the respective poles of the embryo. Starch granules gradually accumulated in the subapical cells of the shoot pole and were soon followed by vacuolation in the subapical cells. Vacuolation reached its highest degree in these cells at the early embryo stage. With the formation of the large vacuolated cells, the surface cell layer at the summit of the shoot pole enlarged and differentiated into the surface initials of the shoot meristem. These cells were large with distinct nuclei. As the embryo matured, the large vacuoles within the subapical cells were replaced by small ones with a concomitant increase in the cytoplasmic density of the subapical cells. After germination, the surface initials remained distinct;however, the subapical cells had different fates depending on their location. The subapical cells located next to the surface initials became the central mother cells of the shoot meristem and those located near the cotyledon junction divided periclinally and gave rise to the epicotyl rib meristem. The remaining subapical cells near the procambium became part of the pith. In the root pole, starch could be found in the cap region terminating underneath the developing procambium at the club-shaped stage of embryo development. Two layers of root initials appeared at the junction between the developing procambium and the root cap. The initials were distinct as they were larger in size than surrounding cells. Cell division activity could not be detected in the layer of initials immediately next to the procambium, while mitotic activity could be seen in the adjoining layer next to the root cap. As the embryo matured, cells surrounding the root initials also took on structural characteristics similar to the root meristem initials. As a result, the region of the root meristem initials expanded in size, and the bil