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关键词： 产后   流产后   胚胎组织残留   生化汤   米非司酮  

关键词： 体细胞克隆   北农大   囊胚   东北农业大学   猪卵细胞   克隆猪   胚胎细胞   组织胚胎   颗粒细胞   多胎动物  

摘要： 东北农业大学最近培育获得了中国第一个体细胞克隆猪囊胚。 这所大学动物组织胚胎教研室的谭景和教授说:“这项技术目前还很不好把握,但我们还是获得了成功,从而在用体细胞成功克隆猪方面迈出了关键性的一步。

关键词： cathepsin K   epithelia   embryo   fetus  

摘要： Cathepsin K is a protease with high collagenolytic and elastinolytic activity, Its cellular expression was previously thought to be restricted to osteoclasts and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this study, the expression of cathepsin K in the human embryo and fetus was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and by Northern blotting of fetal tissue extracts. Besides osteoclasts and chondroclasts and their precursors, epithelial cells of various organ systems expressed significant amounts of this enzyme, Respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa, including bile duct epithelia and urothelia, showed high levels of cathepsin K expression, With the exception of the urothelium, showing a more homogenous expression pattern, the protease was usually accentuated in the surface cell layers of pithelia. In summary, these findings in the human embryo and early fetus demonstrated a significant expression of cathepsin K in different epithelial cell types besides osteoclasts, The functional aspects of cathepsin K expression in nonosteoclastic cells and potential conclusions on physiological and pathological conditions in the embryo-fetal or adult organism remain to be investigated, Dev Dyn 1999;216:89-95. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： neural transplantation   Parkinson   striatum   substantia nigra   dopamine   rotation   spontaneous behavior  

摘要： Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the ascending nigrostriatal pathway in rats is a commonly used model of Parkinson's Disease. Transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon (VM) into the striatum of such rats reduces drug-induced turning and ameliorates some simple behavioral deficits. While considerably less research has been conducted on the topic, VM grafts into the lesioned substantia nigra (SN) may induce recovery on more complex, and/or spontaneous tasks. The present series of experiments was conducted to explicitly compare the behavioral efficacy of intrastriatal and intranigral VM grafts with the effects of grafts into both of these sites. Animals receiving control grafts were also tested. Following transplantation of VM or control tissue derived from E14 rat embryos, changes in drug-induced and spontaneous turning, as well as spontaneous paw use when rearing, were assessed each month for 5 months post-graft. Intrastriatal VM grafts were associated with decreases in drug-induced and spontaneous turning asymmetry but no change in paw use. Intranigral VM grafts did not affect drug-induced turning but decreased the asymmetry in spontaneous turning and spontaneous paw use. Following simultaneous VM grafts into the striatum and SN there was a decrease in drug-induced turning and an increase in the spontaneous use of the contralateral paw and both paws simultaneously. These results may have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms mediating graft-induced behavioral recovery, both in the rat model of, and human Parkinson's Disease. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Asparagus officinalis   histology   somatic embryogenesis   2D-PAGE  

摘要： We study the induction of somatic embryogenesis using an original Asparagus model: a mutant type which an important somatic embryogenesis and its non-embryogenic wild type used as control. We describe the histological events and the modifications of protein patterns occurring during the initiation of somatic embryogenesis in cultures of apices. Using the mutant type apices, pro-embryogenic masses and embryogenic cells are observed at the periphery of the callus after transfer on hormone-free medium while in the same culture conditions, the wild type calli never show embryogenic structure. Analysis of the tissular proteins during the culture leads us to classify 116 proteins into 20 groups potentially related to somatic embryogenesis. Two of these groups are particularly interesting as they correspond to polypeptides that are only related to one of the two types: six polypeptides (group 1) are specific to the mutant type apices and could be related to the competence of the mutant tissues with respect to somatic embryogenesis. Eleven proteins (group 7) are detected specifically in the wild type tissues and their presence could be related to an inhibition of the somatic embryogenesis ability. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   教学方法   教学内容  

关键词： 蒙古绵羊   胚胎   动脉   组织发生   绵羊  

摘要： 蒙古绵羊胚胎发育到１７ｄ１７ｈ 第Ⅰ对鳃弓动脉发生，到２１ 日龄第Ⅱ～Ⅵ对鳃弓动脉相继发生，其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅴ对鳃弓动脉又退化，仅第Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅵ对鳃弓动脉发育成永久性动脉。从２１ ～２４ 日龄，动脉干内的干嵴发生并吻合，因此动脉干被分隔成主动脉及肺动脉。在此同时，动脉球内的球嵴也吻合分隔成两个通道与上述动脉相通。胚胎的肺芽开始发生于２０ 日龄，到２２ 日龄肺动脉已向肺芽发出分支，到２４ 日龄肺静脉已从肺芽伸入左心房。从１８ ～２０ 日龄，第Ⅲ对鳃弓动脉背段分化成颈内动脉，腹段分化成颈外动脉。从２０ ～２１ 日龄，锁骨下动脉从两侧对称的背主动脉发生，随着右侧背主动脉退化，右臂头动脉前移与左锁骨下动脉合并成臂头动脉总干。从１３ ～２４ 日龄，肠系膜前动脉、腹腔动脉和肠系膜后动脉相继发生。胚胎发育到２０ ～２４ 日龄，背主动脉后端中央发生中荐动脉，两侧分出脐动脉分布于尿囊，在脐动脉根部发出髂外动脉分布于后肢芽。

关键词： 多种媒体组合   解剖学   组织胚胎学教学   反馈  

摘要： 多种媒体组合优化设计理论是目前教育领域内研究的热点问题之一。我们在九六年入学的护士（１）、（２）班的解剖学与组织胚胎学教学中应用多种媒体组合组织教学，课程结束后通过问卷调查取得学生的反馈意见。学生们认为传统教学媒体如标本、模型、尸体、挂图等对学习的帮助最大，而他们最感兴趣的则是ＣＡＩ（ｃｏｍ ｐｕｔｅｒ ａｉｄｅｄ ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ，计算机辅助教学）软件、录相等现代媒体。对种种课型应用的媒体数目及组合，大部分学生认为应用三种教学媒体—现代和传统媒体的有机结合，最为理想，这对教师在今后的教学中如何使用教学媒体。

关键词： 脊髓   胚胎组织移植   脊髓损伤   形态学  

摘要： 利用胚胎脑组织移植术，观察胚胎大鼠脊髓组织在同种成年鼠损伤脊髓内存活、生长情况。结果表明，将孕 １３～１６ｄ 的胚胎大鼠脊髓组织移植入成年鼠脊髓 Ｔ１１ Ｌ１ 背外侧组织创伤后 ３～５ｄ 的腔隙内，胚胎脊髓组织能在宿主鼠脊髓内存活，并生长发育成为成熟鼠脊髓组织构筑。移植组织存活率为 ５０％ 。胚胎鼠脊髓移植组织的存活受宿主脊髓损伤程度、供体胚龄、移植时间和部位、移植组织营养及供血等因素的影响。

关键词： 计算机辅助教学   组织胚胎学   教学   应用