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关键词： 回答   学生提问   组织学与胚胎学   课堂小结   排卵周期   课堂教学   班级授课制   教学方式  

摘要： 课堂教学是教师向学生传授知识的重要形式之一,是保证教学质量的关键环节.组织学与胚胎学是医学基础学科,具有内容抽象、结构复杂和理解记忆困难等特点.在课堂教学过程中,为了使学生充分理解教材,深刻记忆所学内容,提高教学质量,我们采用"学导式"代替"注入式"的教学方式,来活跃课堂气氛,激发学生的学习主动性,其中课堂提问就是有效的方法之一.课堂提问这一简便易行的教学手段,在实际运用中,何时该提问?提什么样的问题?是教师自问自答,还是让学生回答?是集体回答还是个别回答?对何种程度的学生提问等等,依据教学法,这些都是很有讲究的.在此,我们就该问题谈一点粗浅的体会.　　……

关键词： T-box   transcription factor   sea urchin embryo   primary mesenchyme cells   spicules  

摘要： T-box transcription factors regulate many developmental processes. Here we report the cloning and expression analysis of ske-T, a novel sea urchin T-box gene. The distribution of the maternal ske-T transcript is uniform in the egg and early embryonic stages while zygotic expression is restricted to the skeletogenic mesenchyme lineage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： transfection   luciferase expression   green fluorescent protein   GeneJammer   GenePORTER  

摘要： The production of transfected fish embryos requires expertise in injecting the fertilized eggs and/or expensive equipment for electroporation or microprojectiles. This article demonstrates that by exposure to DNA constructs conjugated with transfecting reagents dechorionated Danio rerio embryos are capable of acquiring extracellular DNA and expressing reporter genes. Embryos incubated with pCMVIuc complexed with GeneJammer or GenePORTER expressed luciferase 24-48 h after exposure. pCMVGFP DNA mixed with the same agents generated embryos that exhibited differential patterns of expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Embryonic development varied depending on the procedure employed and the reporter gene utilized. Expression of the luciferase gene did not interfere with the subsequent development of the embryos. In contrast, the embryos expressing a high level of GFP were affected, probably due to a very active promoter. These results demonstrate the ease of obtaining transfected fish embryos, which facilitate the mass production of new genotypes and extend the procedure to laboratories with limited resources. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： 胚胎干细胞  

关键词： 组织胚胎学   网络   考试系统   中医教学  

摘要： 以ASP、PowerBuilder为开发工具 ,设计组织胚胎学网上读片考试软件系统。该系统包括出题、试题管理、学生考试、教师批阅 4个模块 ,具有试题随机生成、随机设定等功能 ,可应用于网上教学与考试。这套系统已在上海中医药大学组织胚胎学读片考试中运用。

关键词： 小肠植块   生长   美宝胃肠胶囊粘膜组织  

摘要： 目的 :通过体外检测美宝胃肠胶囊 (GIC)对胚胎小白鼠小肠器官型植块生长的作用以探索GIC修复粘膜损伤的机理。方法 :体外培养胚胎小白鼠小肠器官型植块 ,并将所有植块分为两组 :实验组和对照组。结果 :实验组的小肠器官型植块能很好地维持存活 ,并有大量的单个细胞、细胞克隆以及片状粘膜组织块长出 ,生长的时间长 ,生长状态好 ;而对照组的小肠器官型植块均很快归于死亡。二者差异极为显著。结论 :GIC能够维持胚胎小白鼠小肠器官型植块的存活 ,并能促进细胞增殖 ,某种程度上维持组织的完整性 ,重新组合成粘膜组织 。

关键词： 人体组织学   学科:医学院校   人体胚胎学  

ISBN: (纸本)7810712209

摘要： 医学高等专科学校教材 中央广播电视大学医科大专指定教材:本书介绍了细胞、上皮组织、神经组织、循环系统、消化系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统、人体胚胎学等方面的基本理论和最新进展。

关键词： Arachis hypogaea L.   histology   mature zygotic embryo-derived leaflets   organogenesis   somatic embryogenesis  

摘要： The initiation and development of somatic embryos and organogenic buds in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) obtained from mature zygotic embryo-derived leaflets (MZELs) was studied histologically, The MZELs were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 20 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for embryogenic mass induction. Somatic embryos developed from these masses following transfer to a medium containing 3 mg l(-1) 2,4-D and were germinated on hormone-free medium. A combination of 4 mg l(-1) alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 mg l(-1) 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) was optimum to induce organogenic buds which developed into shoots once placed on a medium containing 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP and 0.5 mg l(-1) kinetin. Histological studies of explants at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis revealed that both somatic embryos and organogenic buds developed directly from the mesophyll layers of MZELs, and both were of multicellular origin. Initially, MZELs underwent periclinal division when cultured on MS medium containing 20 mg l(-1) 2,4-D giving rise to somatic embryos. Interestingly, MZELs underwent anticlinal division when cultured on MS medium containing 4 mg l(-1) NAA and 5 mg l(-1) BAP that resulted in organogenesis. Initial failure of somatic embryos to convert into plantlets was due to malformation of the shoot meristem. However, transfer to medium containing 2 mg l(-1) BAP and 3 mg l(-1) kinetin, or 5 mg l(-1) thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in the appearance of broad shoot apices which could be induced to produce plantlets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 人体组织学-人体胚胎学  

关键词： Cynops   mesodermalization   organizer-related gene   sequential expression  

摘要： An artificially mesodermalized ectoderm (mE) of early Cynops pyrrhogaster gastrula acquires the organizer property;the mE is able to induce the secondary axis. The expression of organizer-related genes was investigated during the mesodermalizing process of the mE. The expression of C. pyrrhogaster organizer-related genes, such as bra, gsc, lim-1, chd and noggin, were analyzed. Cynops pyrrhogaster shh expression was also investigated. The organizer-related genes were activated by 12 h after the mesoderm-inducing stimulus. It was noted that there was a temporal gap in the expression of each gene. The expression of bra and gsc seemed to be more quickly activated during the mesodermalizing process. While expression of lim-1 and noggin was activated later than that of bra and gsc, lim-1 expression was earlier than chd and noggin expression. Shh expression was activated later than lim-1/noggin. The present study suggests the possibility that the bra/gsc, lim-1, chd, noggin and shh genes are expressed one by one in that order during the mesodermalizing of the presumptive ectoderm. It also indicates that the sequence is not always consistent with that of the whole embryo during normal embryogenesis. The meaning of the discrepancy will be discussed in connection with the cascade of certain genes expressed during the mesodermalizing process.