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关键词： Animals  

摘要： A mutation named Set, which has been characterized by abnormal larval traits, shows embryonic lethality as a pleiotropic effect. Light microscopic observations of the dying eggs without hatching of this mutation indicated that the epithelial cells of the midgut, especially the microvilli, were abnormal. Other tissues and organs of Set embryos were confirmed to develop fully, but massive yolk remained in the lumen of the midgut, indicating that yolk proteins were not utilized. We infer that the Set mutation brings about functional impairment of the midgut digestive/absorption system.

关键词： neurofibromatosis   neurofibromin   cartilage   bone   Ras  

摘要： NF1 is a heritable disease with multiple osseous lesions. The expression of the NF1 gene was studied in embryonic and adult rodent skeleton and in NF1-deficient embryos. The NF1 gene was expressed intensely in the cartilage and the periosteum. Impaired NF1 expression may lead to inappropriate development and dynamics of bones and ultimately to the osseous manifestations of the disease.

关键词： 人体组织学   人体胚胎学  

ISBN: (纸本)781010814X

摘要： 本书分学习要点、记忆要诀、复习思考三部分，从不同的角度区分相似器官、组织结构的异同点，总结具有规律性的知识点。

关键词： beta-catenin   cerberus   chordin   FoxA4   FoxII   goosecoid   hyaluronan synthase   macroarray   mix   nodal-related   PAPC   preorganizer   Spemann organizer   Xenopus   Xvent-2  

摘要： The understanding of vertebrate development has greatly benefited from the study of gastrulation in the Xenopus embryo. Over the years, the molecular dissection of the Spemann organizer has proven to be a very fruitful source for gene discovery. Here, we report a comprehensive screen of gene expression in the Xenopus gastrula using cDNA macroarrays. Nylon filters containing more than 72,000 cDNAs from a gastrula stage library were hybridized with differential probes from embryos in which organizer induction had been inhibited by reducing Nodal-related or maternal beta-Catenin signaling. Combining the changes in gene expression levels caused by these two major signaling pathways in a single graph identified both known and novel dorsoventral regulated genes. The most highly enriched organizer-specific genes were the secreted molecules chordin and Xnr-3, followed by the transmembrane protein paraxial protocadherin (PAPC). Ventral-specific abundant cDNAs included S10-40-H5, members of the Hyaluronan synthase family, Xvent-2 and XFD2/FoxI1. A differential probe of dorsal and ventral lips identified many more organizer-specific cDNAs than the screens inhibiting Nodal-related and beta-Catenin signaling, suggesting that additional, as yet uncharacterized signaling pathways, contribute to organizer formation. Finally, extension of this approach to the blastula preorganizer signaling center identified the transcription factor pintallavis/FoxA2 as a new preorganizer component. (C) 2004 Elsevier lnc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   实验教学   能力培养   学生   培养途径  

摘要： 在实验课教学中,教师不仅要注意基础理论知识和基本技能的传授,而且要重视学生能力的培养,使学生提高观察、分析、思维、想象、推理、判断、独立工作能力和探索问题的能力.

关键词： 维甲酸   神经管畸形   脊柱裂   胎鼠   观察   错构瘤   裂开   提示   实体  

摘要： 目的利用维甲酸制作先天性神经管畸形的动物模型已获得公认,但对于其导致神经组织错构瘤的发生却未见报道。本实验利用维甲酸口服制作大鼠神经管畸形动物模型,观察其出现神经组织畸胎瘤、脊髓裂开、脊柱裂等畸形形态学特点,探讨其发生机制。方法利用成熟未孕的Wistar大鼠,在妊娠10d时经胃管注入维甲酸,诱导产生神经管畸形动物模型,分别在妊娠15d、17d、19d时剖宫取出胎鼠,进行实体观察、畸形统计,同时对神经管畸形进行病理形态学研究。对照组仅给予橄榄油,剖宫时间及观察项目同致畸组。结果维甲酸致畸组共获得胎鼠99只,48.3%(48/99)孕鼠胚胎肉眼观察出现腰骶部显性脊柱裂。在48只显性脊柱裂胎鼠中,分别取不同胎龄(15d、17d、19d)各3只脊髓裂开的畸形胎鼠共9只,做石蜡切片,全部同时见到表现为多个神经管紊乱排列、骶尾部增生肿物,提示神经组织错构瘤的发生。结论维甲酸可以干扰神经发育,导致脊柱裂、脊髓裂开和神经错构瘤的发生。

关键词： 双语教学模式   学生学习   积极性   组织胚胎学   医学教育  

摘要： 随着科学技术日新月异的发展,在医学教育中推行双语教学具有可行性和必要性.采用保持型双语教学模式是切实可行的,充分调动学生学习和探索的积极性是医学双语教学的关键.

关键词： 解剖学教学   组织胚胎学教学   教学形式   教学大纲  

摘要： 我们深入仔细地研究教学大纲,联系学生实际情况,开展解剖学及组织胚胎学教学工作,取得了较好效果,现浅谈如下体会.

关键词： 氧化性损伤   苯妥英   褪黑素   拮抗剂  

摘要： 目的　研究褪黑素 (MT)对苯妥英 (Phe)诱发的胚胎脑组织氧化性损伤有无保护作用。方法　妊娠Wistar母鼠于妊娠 (GD11～ 14 )ig 0和 10 0mg·kg- 1Phe ,4 0mg·kg- 1MT及 4 0mg·kg- 1MT +10 0mg·kg- 1Phe ;GD15脱颈椎处死动物 ,测定胎鼠脑组织各种与氧化性损伤有关的指标。结果　妊娠期染毒Phe导致胚胎脑组织H2 O2 水平升高 ,脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化产物增加 ,超氧化物岐化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性下降 ,总还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及总抗氧化力降低。妊娠期MT处理减少正常胎鼠脑中H2 O2 及产率 ;同时MT和Phe共同处理可阻断Phe诱发的氧化性损伤 ,GSH耗竭和抗氧化酶活性的下降。结论　MT对Phe诱发的胎鼠脑组织氧化性损伤有一定的拮抗作用。

关键词： 传统人文价值   生命伦理学   胚胎植入   基因诊断   生殖细胞干预  

摘要： 受加拿大政府的盛情邀请,第九届国际生命伦理学会议于2002年11月26～28日在蒙特利尔召开,来自60个国家的200名代表参加了会议.