教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   教学效果  

摘要： 从抓住课前教授学生正确的学习方法、端正学习态度;课上简化难点、深入浅出,注意理论联系实际;课后布置作业,做好考前复习三个环节出发,谈了做好组织学与胚胎学教学工作的几点体会.

关键词： starfish embryo   fibrous ECM   mesenchyme cells   monoclonal antibody   scaffold   contraction   shape formation   morphogenesis  

摘要： By using a monoclonal antibody (4H11 Mab), we have investigated morphogenetic functions of a fibrous component of the blastocoelic extracellular matrix in relation to cellular activities during early development of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. The 4H11 fibers fill the blastocoele from the late-cleavage to late-gastrula stage and contain the 370-kDa proteinaceous molecule secreted only by the epithelial cells. When 4H11 Mab is introduced into the blastocoele of blastulae, the embryos reveal three distinct morphological abnormalities after the mid-gastrula stage: (1) Distribution of mesenchyme cells confined near the tip of the archenteron, (2) swelling of the posterior ectoderm, and (3) suppressed growth of the mouth, esophagus, and coelomic pouches. These abnormalities occur together with alterations in the distribution of the 4H11 fibers. In embryos recovering from the effect of 4H11 Mab, the mesenchyme cells rearrange the 4H11 fibers. We propose that 4H11 fibers play direct roles in the morphogenesis of starfish embryos by providing a dynamic scaffold not only for the mesenchyme cells but also for the epithelial cells. Moreover, 4H11 fibers have a resist force from within, in concert with the mesenchyme cells, to counter the bulging force intrinsic to the epithelia and hold the epithelia in specific positions, once the positions have been decided. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： Medicago truncatula   osmotic stress   regeneration   root  

摘要： Embryo induction and regeneration from suspension culture of two Medicago truncatula cvs. (cv. R 108 1 and cv. Jemalong) have been studied. The influence of osmotic pre-treatment (I M solution of sucrose for 48 h and 72 h) of roots as an initial explant, on embryogenic efficiency of the suspension culture was assessed. In comparison to the control, the level of abscisic acid (ABA) increased significantly after osmotic stress. The increased ABA level did not correlate with the induction of embryogenesis neither with the improved embryogenic potential of cv. R 108 1. The shortest regeneration period and the highest percent of conversion to plants were found in cv. R 108 1 after 72-h pre-treatment of roots. The efficiency of somatic embryo conversion was less after 48-h pre-treatment and much less for the untreated control. Osmotic stress did not positively affect the process of embryogenesis from root explants of cv. Jemalong, confirming its cultivar dependence. A single cell suspension fraction was produced in both Medicago trunacatula cvs. during the somatic embryo maturation stage. A higher embryogenic potential than the initial suspension culture was established only for the cell suspension originating from 72-h pre-treated roots of cv. R 108 1. The data confirms that the process of somatic embryo induction and embryo conversion from root explants of cv. R 108 1 could be promoted by osmotic stress pre-treatment.

关键词： 形态学教学   改革设想   传统模式   实验教学   分析及   组织学与胚胎学   细胞生物学   分子生物学   生物机体   形态结构   微生物学   寄生虫学   显微镜   学科   解剖学   病理学   人类  

摘要： 自列文虎克发明显微镜以来，人类逐渐揭开了生物世界的奥秘。人类对生物机体的研究由宏观到微观、由单细胞生物到多细胞生物、由细胞生物学到分子生物学逐层深入。在此基础上，渐形成了许多相关的学科。习惯上，我们将这些研究机体形态结构的学科统称为形态学。因此，广义上的形态学包括生物学、解剖学、组织学与胚胎学、病理学、微生物学、寄生虫学和细胞生物学等学科。

关键词： FAS   FASD   retinol   vitamin A   fetal alcohol syndrome   gsc   Cyp26   embryonic organizer   Gastrula   Xenopus  

摘要： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a set of developmental malformations caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the strongest manifestation of FASD, results in short stature, microcephally and facial dysmorphogenesis including microphthalmia. Using Xenopus embryos as a model developmental system, we show that ethanol exposure recapitulates many aspects of FAS, including a shortened rostro-caudal axis, microcephally and microphthalmia. Temporal analysis revealed that Xenopus embryos are most sensitive to ethanol exposure between late blastula and early/mid gastrula stages. This window of sensitivity overlaps with the formation and early function of the embryonic organizer, Spemann's organizer. Molecular analysis revealed that ethanol exposure of embryos induces changes in the domains and levels of organizer-specific gene expression, identifying Spemann's organizer as an early target of ethanol. Ethanol also induces a defect in convergent extension movements that delays gastrulation movements and may affect the overall length. We show that mechanistically, ethanol is antagonistic to retinol (Vitamin A) and retinal conversion to retinoic acid, and that the organizer is active in retinoic acid signaling during early gastrulation. The model suggests that FASD is induced in part by an ethanol-dependent reduction in retinoic acid levels that are necessary for the normal function of Spemann's organizer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 灰飞虱   胚胎组织   细胞培养   培养基  

摘要： 为建立灰飞虱LaodelphaxstriatellusFallen单层细胞株,以Grace培养基为基础,MM培养基、水解乳清蛋白、酵母抽提物和胎牛血清(FBS)为营养添加因子,共配成7种全培养基,用以培养灰飞虱胚胎组织细胞。7种培养基均可维持灰飞虱胚胎切块组织细胞的贴壁培养1～4周,而培养基5(1Grace+1MM+20%FBS)则可维持贴壁培养达2个月以上;pH8.0的0.25%胰蛋白酶在37℃下酶解组织块5～10min的分离效果较好。实验获得较适合灰飞虱胚胎组织细胞生长的配方和组织酶解分离方法。

关键词： 东北农业大学   组织胚胎学   博士生导师   专家   春天   教授   秦鹏   “克隆”技术   世界第一   哈尔滨   研究者   美国  

摘要： 提起“克隆”技术，记者不禁想起几年前世界第一例“克隆猴”在美国的诞生。美国的“克隆猴”，因其是与人类亲缘最近的动物而在当时引起世界震惊，令人意想不到的是，“克隆猴”的主要研究者是哈尔滨人孟励。

关键词： 多媒体技术   教学效果   组织胚胎学教学   教学内容   教学质量   实验教学   网络技术   学习兴趣   工作负担   信息量   主动性  

摘要： 为了解决组织胚胎学教学中课时与教学内容之间日益尖锐的矛盾,保证教学质量,将多媒体技术及网络技术用于实验教学,充实了教学内容,明显增加了信息量;激发了学生的学习兴趣和主动性、减轻了教师的工作负担,有效地提高了教学质量和教学效果.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   教学质量   教学改革   教学模式   检查考核   实验教学   实验室   开放式  

摘要： 从建立新的教学模式、建立开放式的实验室、加强实验教学的改革和教学检查考核等方面,探讨如何提高组织胚胎学教学质量.

关键词： 胎盘   造血   造血生长因子  

摘要： 目的:为进一步证实胎盘的造血功能,直接了解胎盘绒毛组织中多种造血生长因子开始出现的时间及随胎龄的增长其含量的变化,探讨其对胎盘造血的意义。方法:分别取早孕(40～56d)、中孕(16～22周)、足月妊娠(37～40周)胎盘绒毛组织2g各30份,用生理盐水冲洗3遍,加等量生理盐水制成1∶1胎盘组织匀浆,以3000r/min离心20min,取上清液进行测定。结果:①早期妊娠开始,各种造血细胞生长因子均已产生;②FLT3、白细胞介素3含量在早孕时含量低,随着胎龄增加,胎盘绒毛组织中含量逐渐增加,以晚孕时含量增加明显,各胎龄组间比较,均P<0.01,差异有统计学意义,提示造血活动随着胎龄增加而增强;③干细胞因子、白细胞介素6亦随着胎龄增加其含量逐增,以中、晚孕期含量为高,但两组之间差异无统计学意义;④促红细胞生成素在晚孕期含量最高,提示红系造血因子在晚期妊娠造血活动中起主导作用;⑤血小板生成素、粒细胞集落刺激因子含量在各孕龄间差异无统计学意义。结论:本研究所测的7种造血因子在胎盘造血活动均发挥作用,尤以FLT3配体、白细胞介素3、干细胞因子、白细胞介素-6最为重要。