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关键词： 细胞移植   嗅神经   脊髓/胚胎学   脊髓损伤  

摘要： 背景:脊髓损伤高发且后果严重,至今尚无有效措施挽救丧失的神经功能。哺乳动物嗅觉系统的一类特殊胶质细胞的移植引起关注。目的:观察人胚嗅鞘细胞和大鼠胚胎脊髓共同移植在促进大鼠横断脊髓轴索再生方面是否产生协同作用。设计:开放性实验。单位:无锡第三人民医院细胞室,苏州大学附属第一医院神经外科,东南大学附属中大医院神经外科。材料:实验于2002-09/2004-10在无锡市第三人民医院细胞实验室完成。①选取清洁级成年雌性SD大鼠36只,随机数字表法分成4组:人胚嗅鞘细胞组10只、鼠胚胎脊髓组10只、联合移植组10只,模型组6只。②取12周左右的流产新鲜人胚胎(产妇知情同意)用于嗅鞘细胞的培养纯化。③取孕14d的SD大鼠1只,施行剖腹手术将胎鼠连同胎膜一同取出,用于新鲜胚胎脊髓的制备。方法:①4组大鼠均建立脊髓半切洞模型。模型组在损伤洞腔内填塞明胶海绵加全培养基8μL,在损伤上下各1mm处注射相同培养基2μL;人胚嗅鞘细胞组明胶上给予嗅鞘细胞悬液8μL,损伤上下各1mm处注射细胞悬液2μL;鼠胚胎脊髓组将组织碎块直接填塞在洞腔内,外覆明胶;联合移植组将同样大小的胚胎脊髓填塞在洞腔内,然后用微量加样器将8μL的嗅鞘细胞悬液注入洞腔,外覆明胶,在洞腔上下各1mm处注射细胞悬液2μL,按层缝合肌层皮肤。②定期对各组大鼠进行行为学评定,结合病理学观察,并通过辣根过氧化物酶-四甲基联苯胺逆行示踪技术,评价嗅鞘细胞和胚胎脊髓对神经元存活、纤维再生的影响。主要观察指标:①人胚嗅鞘细胞体外培养及纯化。②体外免疫细胞化学分析。③大鼠后肢运动功能BBB评分测定结果。④移植物及受损脊髓修复的免疫组化检测结果。⑤辣根过氧化物酶-四甲基联苯胺示踪对各组被标记的皮质及中脑红核神经元的定量分析情况。结果:①人胚嗅鞘细胞大部分呈双极纺锤型,培养5～7d左右,细胞相互交织成网状,可见大量细胞分裂相。纯化后的细胞纯度为85%。②P75阳性细胞率为(83±7)%,大约(81±6)%的细胞呈胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性,(91±9)%的细胞呈Vimentin阳性,Nestin阳性率为(77±5)%。③术后3～5d,模型组伤肢开始挛缩,正常侧下肢活动稍受限,其余3组少见明显挛缩症状。从术后2周开始,各组动物行为功能的恢复幅度明显增快,联合移植组BBB评分明显高于人胚嗅鞘细胞组、鼠胚胎脊髓组、模型组[(6.2±1.13),(5.0±1.15),(3.9±0.88),(3.3±1.03)分,P<0.05]。④人胚嗅鞘细胞组、联合移植组均在移植部位及移植区2.0～5.0mm范围内见到P75及胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性双极或多极细胞,同时多极细胞中发现碱性蛋白(+)颗粒。鼠胚胎脊髓组、联合移植组脊髓缺损灶内存在大量MAP2阳性反应的细小神经元。人胚嗅鞘细胞组、鼠胚胎脊髓组、联合移植组在脊髓缺损区内都不同程度观察到神经丝阳性纤维存在,尤以联合移植组最为明显,模型组未能找到神经丝阳性纤维存在。⑤模型组损伤侧神经元基本无辣根过氧化物酶标记,而联合移植组标记的皮质、中脑红核神经元的数量均显著高于人胚嗅鞘细胞组、鼠胚胎脊髓组(P<0.05)。结论:嗅鞘细胞和胚胎脊髓联合移植对损伤脊髓具有明显保护作用且促进宿主脊髓轴突再生,在加快大鼠的功能恢复中起到了互补和协同的作用。

关键词： 试卷分析   胚胎学   组织学   教学过程   教学质量   考试结果   学习效果   考试试卷  

摘要： 考试是教学过程中的重要环节,考试结果可以反映教学质量.试卷分析对于了解学生的学习效果,发现教学中的薄弱环节,正确评价试题的准确性等具有重要作用,为了总结经验,提高教学质量,我们对2005级组织学与胚胎学(以下简称组胚)的考试试卷进行了分析,结果报告如下.

关键词： 嗅鞘细胞   胚胎脊髓   脊髓损伤   移植   大鼠  

摘要： 目的探讨人胚嗅鞘细胞(OECS)和大鼠胚胎脊髓组织(ESC)联合移植在促进大鼠横断脊髓轴索再生方面有无协同作用。方法将体外培养纯化的OECS及新鲜获取的胎鼠脊髓组织用作治疗大鼠脊髓半切洞损伤模型的移植物,通过对动物定期进行行为学评定,结合病理学观察,并通过辣根过氧化物酶-四甲基联苯胺(HRP-TMB)逆行示踪技术,评价OECS和ESC对神经元存活、纤维再生的影响。结果OECS和ESC联合移植对损伤脊髓具有明显保护作用并能促进宿主脊髓轴突再生,ESC不能帮助再生轴索返回宿主组织;而OECS除能帮助再生轴索突破胶质屏障外更能使再生轴突髓鞘化,并具有一定的迁移能力。结论OECS和ESC联合移植在促进大鼠脊髓功能恢复中起到了互补和协同的作用。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   双语教学   专业英语  

摘要： 目的:探索双语教学在组织学与胚胎学教学中的应用效果。方法:在本校部分本科生的组织学与胚胎学理论课教学中进行双语教学的尝试。结果:双语教学效果明显优于传统教学法,实验班成绩高于对照班(P<0.01);实验班学生阅读外文资料和运用专业英语的能力强于对照班。学生认为双语教学提高了专业英语水平,调动了学习积极性。结论:双语教学对提高教学质量具有积极意义。

关键词： 高等医学院校   组织胚胎学   专业委员会   武警部队   学术年会   解剖学   大医院  

摘要： 军解剖学与组织胚胎学专业委员会第八届学术年会9月15日在武警医学院召开。本次会议是解剖学和组织胚胎学界的一次盛会，吸引了来自全军和武警部队各高等医学院校和各大医院的20多位专家、学者参加。

关键词： chick embryo   immunohistochemistry   Islet-1   Lim-3   pineal gland  

摘要： LIM homeodomain proteins Islet-1 and Lim-3 expression and their role in nervous tissue and endocrine glands have been reported;however, nothing is known concerning Islet-1 and Lim-3 expression in the developing pineal gland of the chick embryo. The aim of the present study was to determine the ontogeny of Islet-1 and Lim-3 expression in the developing pineal gland of chick embryo using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that Islet-1 and Lim-3 immunopositive cells were first detected in the pineal evagination of chick embryos at day 4 (E4) and E4.5 of incubation, respectively. In the later developing stages, both Islet-1 and Lim-3 immunopositive cells were consistently detected in the follicular and parafollicular pinealocytes throughout the pineal gland. The relative percentage of Islet-1 immunopositive (Islet-1(+)) cells relative to the total cells was about 6% at E4.5, and then kept increasing (P < 0.05) and reached about 40% by E12.5;this was followed by no obvious changes until the chicks were newly hatched. The change in Lim-3 immunopositive (Lim-3(+)) cell number was parallel to that of Islet-1, although Lim-3(+) cell were significantly fewer than Islet-1(+) cell numbers from E4.5 to E8.5 (P < 0.05). Dual immunohistochemical staining results showed that almost all the Lim3(+) cells expressed Islet-1 at every stage examined, and about 90% of Islet1(+) cells were proliferating cell nuclear antigen negative. These results suggest that both Islet-1 and Lim-3 may be involved in regulating the development and functional maturation of the pineal gland, although further studies are required in elucidating the functional roles of Islet-1 and Lim-3 and the related .

关键词： 人体解剖学   医学院校   教学参考资料   人体组织学：人体胚胎学  

ISBN: (纸本)7560833322

摘要： 本书包括组织、血液、骨骼系统肌学、神经系统、感觉器官、体被系统、免疫系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、人体早期发育等人体解剖学和组织胚胎学知识的重点提示和测试题。

关键词： direct somatic embryogenesis   pre-emergent inflorescence   sugarcane transformation  

摘要： A rapid in vitro protocol using direct somatic embryogenesis and microprojectile bombardment was investigated to establish the developmental phases most suitable for efficient sugarcane transformation. Immature leaf roll disc explants with and without pre-emergent inflorescence tissue were compared. It was shown that for effective transformation to occur, explants should be cultured for several days to allow initiation of embryo development prior to bombardment. Leaf roll discs with pre-emergent inflorescences showed a higher degree of embryogenic competence than non-flowering explants, and transformation efficiency was higher when explants containing floral initials were bombarded. Despite the occurrence of high numbers of phenotypically negative plants, combining the use of inflorescent leaf roll discs with direct embryogenic regeneration has the potential to improve the speed and efficiency of transgenesis in sugarcane.

关键词： Akt   apoptosis   insulin-like growth factor I   neurogenesis   phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase   programmed cell death  

摘要： Programmed cell death is an essential, highly regulated process in neural development. Although the role of insulin-like growth factor I in supporting the survival of neural cells has been well characterized, studies on proinsulin/insulin are scarce. Here, we characterize proinsulin/insulin effects on cell death in embryonic day 15.5 mouse retina. Both proinsulin mRNA and proinsulin/insulin immunoreactivity were found in the developing retina. Organotypic embryonic day 15.5 retinas cultured under growth factor deprivation showed an increase in cell death that was reversed by proinsulin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I, with similar median effective concentration values via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation. Although insulin and insulin-like growth factor I provoked a sustained Akt phosphorylation, proinsulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt was not found. Analysis of the growth factor deprivation-induced cell death mechanisms, using caspase and cathepsin inhibitors, demonstrated that both protease families were required for the effective execution of cell death. The insulin survival effect, which decreased the extent and distribution of cell death to levels similar to those found in vivo, was not enhanced by simultaneous treatment with caspase and cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting that insulin interferes with these protease pathways in the embryonic mouse retina. The mechanisms characterized in this study provide new details on early neural cell death and its genuine regulation by insulin/proinsulin.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   CAI课件   教学   应用  

摘要： 计算机辅助教学(CAI)课件是在计算机上运行的教学辅助软件,可实现问与答、分步骤演示、灵活查询和仿真教学、模拟实验等功能,具有很好的交互性,现已被广泛应用于现代教育教学领域中,并产生了卓有成效的教学效果。组织胚胎学是一门重要的基础医学学科,具有一定的抽象性和不直观性,传统的教学授课已不能满足现代教学的需要和学生的认知能力,怎样运用CAI课件这个教辅手段与组织胚胎学教学有机结合,笔者作了一些探讨。[第一段]