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关键词： 组织胚胎学   实验   教学改革  

摘要： 21世纪需要高素质的人才,为适应新时期教学改革和培养综合型人才的需要,家畜(鱼类)组织胚胎学实验教学改革势在必行,教学内容的综合与权衡、教学手段的多样化、教学设施的进一步完备是关键。从实验教学手段、教学设施、课程内容体系、实践性教学等几个方面介绍了家畜(鱼类)组织胚胎学部分实验教学的改革与实践,大大提高了实验教学的效果。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   精品课程   课程建设  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的医学基础主干课程。课程建设是评价教学质量的核心标志,是实现人才培养目标的基本保证。为做好组织学与胚胎学精品课程的建设工作,从教师队伍、教学内容、教学方法、教材、教学管理等五个方面进行了探讨和实践,取得了显著的成效。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   多媒体教学   问题   对策  

摘要： 多媒体技术在组织胚胎学教学中的应用具有积极作用，但也存在着一些问题。文章结合组织胚胎学教学实践，对教学中出现的问题进行了分析，并提出了建议。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   课程建设   教学方法  

摘要： 南华大学医学院组织胚胎学教研室,为加强组织胚胎学课程建设,提高教学质量,严格按照教育部、湖南省教育厅及南华大学制定的精品课程评估指标体系,从教学队伍、教学内容、教学条件、教学方法与手段及教材建设等方面进行了探索和实践,取得了一定的成效。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   临床医学  

摘要： 基础医学教学与临床医学合理链接是达到医学教育总体目标的需要,是培养高素质人才的起点和重要阶段。根据组织学与胚胎学教学目的和教学内容的特点选择与临床工作关系密切的重点、难点、热点问题与临床医学进行链接,选择提示性、问题式链接方式,提高学生学习兴趣,培养学生自学能力、综合素质和临床思维能力。

关键词： 受体牛   养殖户   胚胎移植技术   胚胎移植   卵移   农牧区  

摘要： 牛胚胎移植是将生产性能优良的供体母牛体内的早期胚胎取出,移植到另一头生产性能相对较低的、生理状态相同的母牛体内,并使之妊娠产出新个体的技术。它极大地挖掘了优良母畜的繁殖潜力,缩短世代间隔,提高了改良速度,在家畜品种改良和帮助广大农牧民脱贫致富等方面有着重大的现实意义。

关键词： 宫内胚胎组织残留   诊治分析   不规则阴道流血   常规清宫术   临床应用价值   手术结果   输卵管堵塞   宫腔粘连  

摘要： 宫内胚胎组织残留患者，阴道流血淋漓不净，若阴道流血淋漓不净时间长可致贫血，宫腔粘连可致输卵管堵塞，严重者可能影响生育。因此一经诊断需及时行有效清宫术。常规清宫术凭临床医师经验主观判断手术结果，盲目性大，腹部超声引导下的清宫，可提高手术的成功率，但仍没有宫腔镜下清宫直观、诊断准确、微创、彻底。我们对本院54例因流产或清宫术后反复不规则阴道流血患者的诊治经过进行回顾性分析，以探讨宫腔镜在宫内胚胎组织残留诊治方面的临床应用价值。

关键词： ADENOSINE   ANOXEMIA   EMBRYOLOGY   HEART abnormalities   PREGNANCY complications  

摘要： Hypoxia exposure during embryonic development is associated with intra-uterine growth retardation and is induced by placental insufficiency, maternal smoking, and other factors. One possible mediator of intra-uterine hypoxia effects is the nucleoside adenosine whose levels rise markedly in hypoxia. Adenosine binds A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) which are expressed in cardiac and nervous tissue. An in utero model of hypoxia was used to examine acute and long term effects of embryonic hypoxia exposure. When pregnant dams were placed in a chamber to maintain 10% O[2] for 6 to 96 hours, developing embryos displayed widespread tissue hypoxia (less than 10 mm of Hg). Hypoxic exposure of wild type embryos as well as A1AR knockout embryos (A1AR+/- and A1AR-/-) resulted in embryonic growth inhibition and a reduction in heart size. A1AR 4- embryos were the most adversely affected including greater growth inhibition, more embryos with severe growth retardation (50% reduction in size), greater percent of reabsorbed embryos, and thinner ventricular walls. One target of A1AR signaling may be hypoxia-inducible factor la (HIF1a) since A1AR-/- embryos, have much less HIF1a protein after hypoxia compared to A1AR +/- littermates. These results indicate that A1AR activity contributes to the protection of the embryo during hypoxic insults and may mediate this effect through stabilization of HIF1a protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Stem Cells   Substance Abuse Detection   replacement therapy   Model Studies   Embryonic Stem Cells   Mammalian Embryo   Renewal   pluripotency   mammalian genetics   Individualized Instruction   Chromatin   Commitment  

摘要： Embryonic stem cells derived from mammalian embryos represent indispensable tools for mammalian genetics. Their key features - self-renewal and pluripotency - enable them, on the one hand, to be propagated in culture almost indefinitely and, on the other, to be used to study the molecular details of cell commitment and differentiation. In the past few years, it has become clear that chromatin and epigenetic modifications have a central role in maintaining the gene expression programs that are important for both self-renewal and cell commitment. Therefore, studies focused on the chromatin profiles of embryonic stem cells are likely to be very informative for understanding pluripotency and the process of differentiation, and ultimately for using embryonic stem cells as a tool for cell replacement therapy or as models for the study of genetic diseases, cancer progression or drug testing.

关键词： cardiovascular development   embryo   hemodynamics   hypoxia   maternal-fetal medicine  

摘要： Aim: We tested the hypothesis that murine embryonic cardiovascular (CV) function is vulnerable to transient changes in maternal transplacental oxygen support during the critical period of CV morphogenesis. Methods: We measured maternal heart rate (MHR), maternal blood pressure (MBP), and embryonic heart rate (EHR) during mechanical ventilatory support, then induced transient maternal hypoxia daily from gestation day (ED) 10.5 to ED16.5 in pregnant ICR mice. Hypoxia was induced by suspending mechanical ventilation for 30 s or by the replacement of inspired oxygen with nitrogen (75% or 100%) for 30 s while maintaining ventilation. Results: We noted a rapid onset of maternal hypotension in response to hypoxia that quickly recovered following reoxygenation. Following a brief lag time that was not gestation specific, EHR decreased in response to hypoxia. The magnitude of embryo bradycardia and the rate of EHR decline and recovery displayed gestation specific patterns. The magnitude of embryo bradycardia was similar from ED10.5 to ED13.5 and then increased with gestation. Before ED13.5, only 40% of embryos recovered to the baseline EHR following transient maternal hypoxia (vs 80% of embryos after ED 13.5). EHR following recovery exceeded baseline EHR after ED15.5. Nitrogen inhalation (75% or 100%) produced changes in maternal and embryonic hemodynamics similar to suspended ventilation induced hypoxia. Conclusions: The mammalian embryo is vulnerable to transient decreases in maternal oxygenation during the critical period of organogenesis and the gestational specific EHR response to hypoxia may reflect both increased embryonic oxygen demand and the maturation of neurohumoral heart rate regulation.