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ISBN: (纸本)9787810607568

关键词： 动物解剖学   高等学校：技术学校   教材   动物学：组织学   生物   ：胚胎学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787811173192

摘要： 《动物解剖学与组织胚胎学》是教育部“十一五”国家级高职高专规划教材，内容包括细胞和基本组织、运动系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统、心血管系统、淋巴系统、内分泌系统、神经系统、感觉器官、被皮系统、家禽解剖、胚胎学基础共14章，书后附有实验指导。系统解剖学部分以牛、羊为主进行阐述，猪、马、犬、猫、兔、家禽等动物作比较，器官组织内容在各系统章节中叙述。 《动物解剖学与组织胚胎学》内容简明，文字精炼，图文并茂，可作为高等农业职业技术学院和普通高等农业专科学校及成人教育相关专业的教科书，也可供畜牧兽医科技人员学习参考。

关键词： Adipogenesis   cAMP   CREB   Histamine   Histidine-decarboxylase  

摘要： Histamine is a known inducer of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which plays a key role in initiation of adipogenesis. Our present goal was to study how histamine deficiency impacts CREB signalling and adipogenesis. We used a histidine-decarboxylase gene-targeted (HDC KO) mice model lacking endogenous histamine. We measured CREB activity and expression by EMSA, Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, as well as cAMP levels by ELISA in primary embryonic fibroblasts derived from WT and HDC KO mice. The ability of these cells to form adipocytes was also tested in preliminary experiments. We found that in the absence of the histamine, cells show higher constitutive CREB activity and greatly increased intracellular cAMP levels, as well as that in contrast to WT cells, HDC KO fibroblasts are more prone to differentiate into adipocytes. These data suggest a newly recognised inhibitory role for histamine in CREB activity and draws attention to the potential role of histamine in adipocyte differentiation.

关键词： AMP1   Arabidopsis   embryogenesis   meristem   MP   stem cells  

摘要： AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-mediated signaling conveys positional information during embryonic and postembryonic organogenesis and mutations in MONOPTEROS (MP/ARF5) result in severe patterning defects during embryonic and postembryonic development. Here we show that MP patterning activity is largely dispensable when the presumptive carboxypeptidase ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM 1 (AMP1) is not functional, indicating that MP is primarily necessary to counteract AMP1 activity. Closer inspection of the single and double mutant phenotypes reveals antagonistic influences of both genes on meristematic activities throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle. In the absence of MP activity, cells in apical meristems and along the paths of procambium formation acquire differentiated identities and this is largely dependent on differentiation-promoting AMP1 activity. Positions of antagonistic interaction between MP and AMP1 coincide with MP expression domains within the larger AMP1 expression domain. These observations suggest a model in which auxin-derived positional information through MP carves out meristematic niches by locally overcoming a general differentiation-promoting activity involving AMP1.

关键词： Ambystoma maculatum   hypoxia   amphibian   embryonic development   egg capsule conductance  

摘要： The spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum breeds in shallow freshwater pools and imbeds its eggs within a common outer jelly matrix that can limit oxygen availability. The eggs are impregnated with the unicellular alga Oophilia amblystomatis, which produces oxygen during the day but consumes oxygen at night. This daily cycle of algal oxygen production drives a diurnal fluctuation of oxygen partial pressure (P-O2) within the eggs, the magnitude of which depends on the distance of an egg from the exterior of the jelly matrix and on the ambient P-O2 of the pond. We subjected A. maculatum eggs to fluctuating oxygen levels with a variable minimum P-O2 and an invariable maximum, to simulate natural conditions, and measured differences in developmental rate, day and stage at hatching, and egg capsule conductance (G(O2)). Lower minimum P-O2 slowed development and resulted in delayed, yet developmentally premature hatching. G(O2) increased in all treatments throughout development, but P-O2 had no detectable effect on the increase. Intermittent hypoxia caused comparable but less pronounced developmental delays than chronic hypoxia and failed to elicit the measurable change in G(O2) seen in ambystomatid salamander eggs exposed to chronic hypoxia.

关键词： 骨髓间质干细胞   神经元   分化   脊髓   匀浆  

摘要： 背景:研究发现骨髓间质干细胞在体外专门的诱导体系中能产生类似神经元烯醇化酶克隆球样神经球结构,故骨髓间质干细胞成为中枢神经损伤修复种子细胞的热门候选。目的:观察体外分化体系诱导大鼠骨髓间质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的情况。设计:观察性实验。单位:深圳市第二人民医院脊柱外科。材料:选用孕16d及2月龄的SD大鼠,由华中科大同济医学院动物中心提供。神经元烯醇化酶单抗、胶质纤维酸性蛋白多抗、神经中丝蛋白单抗均购自武汉博士德公司。方法:实验于2006-09在华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学部免疫室开放实验室及本院中心实验室完成。取大鼠下肢骨,离心分离鼠骨髓间质干细胞。提取孕16d大鼠胚胎脊髓组织匀浆,制备诱导液,诱导骨髓间质干细胞的分化。另取胚胎肌组织同法制备肌组织匀浆作对照。主要观察指标:对诱导后骨髓间质干细胞进行形态学观察及用抗神经元烯醇化酶、NF200、抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白分别标记神经元,星形胶质细胞。反应阳性诱导细胞免疫组化染色后光镜下随机数取10个非重叠视野进行观察,计算神经元烯醇化酶和神经中丝蛋白阳性细胞占总细胞数的比例。结果:①大鼠骨髓间质干细胞在诱导后细胞形态变化:诱导早期光镜下即见部分细胞胞体回缩,突起变长,变细;逐渐出现分化细胞突起生长,并相互交织,类似神经细胞,有的分支类似树突状分枝,对照组细胞形态变化不大。②诱导1周后,骨髓基质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化相关抗原表达情况:脊髓匀浆组多数细胞表现为神经元烯醇化酶和神经中丝蛋白阳性;少数细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白,对照组无神经细胞抗体阳性染色出现。而对照组未见神经细胞抗原反应阳性。免疫组化发现分化细胞神经元烯醇化酶、神经中丝蛋白表达阳性率分别为(68±1.7)%,(76.2±2.9)%。结论:胚胎脊髓组织匀浆可诱导骨髓间质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。

关键词： 骨髓   干细胞   神经元   分化   脊髓  

摘要： 目的体外诱导大鼠骨髓基质干细胞(BMSC)分化为神经元样细胞。方法采用Percoll(密度:1.073 g/ml)梯度分离液,离心分离鼠BMSC,体外培养,提取大鼠胚胎脊髓组织匀浆诱导BMSC分化为神经元样细胞。形态学观察及免疫组织化学鉴定神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经丝蛋白(NF-200)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达。结果大鼠骨髓基质干细胞在诱导后细胞形态变化,突起交织;免疫组织化学发现分化细胞NSE、NF-200表达阳性率分别为(68.0±1.7)%,(76.2±2.9)%,少数GFAP阳性。结论胚胎脊髓组织匀浆可诱导骨髓基质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。

关键词： 乳腺   干细胞   免疫组织化学   荧光免疫   分化潜能  

摘要： 取妊娠20日龄胎鼠及出生后3、8d的SD大鼠乳腺组织标本进行HE染色显微镜下观察,借助抗体SCA-1、CK18和α-SMA,用免疫酶标法和免疫荧光法对细胞进行免疫组化鉴定。结果表明,妊娠第20d鼠胚、出生后3d和8d乳鼠的次级导管上皮中可鉴别出4种细胞表型:SCA-1阳性细胞、CK18阳性细胞、SCA-1和CK18双阳性细胞、SCA-1和?或CK18阴性细胞。根据细胞的形态大小和分布位置,确定SCA-1阳性的小亮细胞为乳腺干细胞。提示大鼠胚胎期及出生早期的乳腺干细胞存在分化潜能;此可为其分离及作为种子细胞转染外源性基因提供实验依据;CK18阳性细胞为已分化的腺上皮细胞,SCA-1和CK18双阳性细胞为已定向的腺上皮祖细胞。

关键词： 教学改革   动物组织胚胎学   实验教学  

摘要： 动物组织胚胎学实验是高等农业院校医学专业的一门重要专业基础课。我们通过改进实验课教学方式、建立合理的成绩考核制度等方法,实现了以学生为主体,教师辅助指导的教学模式,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,提高了课堂效率。