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关键词： 组织学   胚胎学   网络课程   设计   开发  

摘要： Blackboard是赛尔毕博公司全新发布的网络课程管理平台,包括:①院系设置按照学院-专业-课程的树状层次逐级呈现;②师资力量汇集学院名师教授基本概况,全面体现校方强大的师资力量;③课程制作、发布、编辑和管理、资源优化和共建共享;④同步或异步的双重互动交流工具;⑤此外,Black-board课程管理平台还可以实现对高校办学成果的直观展示和动态数据的统计分析。[第一段]

关键词： auxin   lactalbumin hydrolysate   medicinal plant   micropropagation  

摘要： A new micropropagation system for Lycium barbarum (L.) was developed using root explants as starting material. Callus can be produced from root explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.2 mg dm(-3) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After three subcultures on the same medium, callus was then transferred onto the MS medium supplemented with 500 mg dm(-3) actalbumin hydrolysate to induce somatic embryogenesis (SE). After 20 d, about 60 somatic embryos per 0.25 g(f.m.) of embryogenic callus were obtained but only about 10 % of embryos converted into plantlets. After acclimated in the greenhouse, all of the randomly selected plantlets had survived and were similar phenotypically to zygotic seedlings. In addition, the effects of irradiance, photoperiod, growth regulators, explant age and cold treatment on SE of root-derived callus were evaluated.

关键词： SPISULA-SOLIDISSIMA OOCYTES   XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS   SEA-URCHIN EGGS   IN-VITRO   ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR   CENTROSOME AMPLIFICATION   AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY   CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY   BREAST-CANCER   AURORA-A  

摘要： There is increasing concern that animal and human reproduction may be adversely affected by exposure to xenoestrogens that activate estrogen receptors. There is evidence that one such compound, Bisphenol A (BPA), also induces meiotic and mitotic aneuploidy, suggesting that these kinds of molecules may also have effects on cell division. In an effort to understand how Bisphenol A might disrupt cell division, a phenotypic analysis was carried out using sea urchin eggs, whose early embryonic divisions are independent of zygotic transcription. Fertilized Lytechihus pictus eggs exposed to BPA formed multipolar spindles resulting in failed,cytokinesis in a, dose-dependent, transcriptionally independent manner. By use of novel biotinylated BPA affinity probes to fractionate cell-free extracts, tubulin was identified as a candidate binding protein by mass spectrometry, and BPA promoted microtubule polymerization and centrosome-based microtubule nucleation in vitro but did not appear to display microtubule-stabilizing activity. Treatment of mammalian cells demonstrated that BPA as well as a series of Bisphenol A derivatives induced ectopic spindle pole formation in the absence of centrosome overduplication. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which Bisphenol A affects the nucleation of microtubules, disrupting the tight spatial control associated with normal chromosome segregation, resulting in aneuploidy.

关键词： .putative   subset   altered   rmed   anthocyanin   genetic background   abscisic   pleiotropic   aleurone   embryo and endosperm   abphyl   peptidase   mutant embryo   viviparous vp  

摘要： We describe a mutant of Zea mays isolated from a W22 inbred transposon population, widow's peak mutant1 ( wpk1), with an altered pattern of anthocyanin synthesis and aleurone cell differentiation in endosperm. In addition, a failure of the developing mutant embryo to form leaf initials is associated with decreased expression of a subset of meristem regulatory genes that includes Abphyl1 and Td1. We show that the viviparous8 (vp8) mutant has a similar pleiotropic phenotype in the W22 inbred background in contrast to the viviparous embryo phenotype exhibited in the standard genetic background, and we confirmed that wpk1 is allelic to vp8. Further genetic analysis revealed that the standard vp8 stock contains an unlinked, partially dominant suppressor of the vp8 mutation that is not present in W22. Consistent with the early-onset viviparous phenotype of vp8, expression of several embryonic regulators, including LEC1/B3 domain transcription factors, was reduced in the mutant embryo. Moreover, reduced abscisic acid (ABA) content of vp8/wpk1 embryos was correlated with altered regulation of ABA biosynthesis, as well as ABA catabolic pathways. The ABA biosynthetic gene Vp14 was down-regulated in the nonsuppressed background, whereas the ZmABA8' oxA1a ABA 8'-hydroxylase gene was strongly up-regulated in both genetic backgrounds. Molecular analysis revealed that Vp8 encodes a putative peptidase closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1. Because the Vp8 regulates meristem development as well as seed maturation processes, including ABA accumulation, we propose that VP8 is required for synthesis of an unidentified signal that integrates meristem and embryo formation in seeds.

关键词： Cell Culture Techniques   Cell Culture Techniques   Cell Separation/methods   Cell Separation/methods   Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology   Humans   Morphogenesis   Spheroids, Cellular/cytology   Tissue Engineering/methods   Tissue Engineering/methods  

摘要： Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) should enable novel insights into early human development and provide a renewable source of cells for regenerative medicine. However, because the three-dimensional hESC aggregates [embryoid bodies (hEB)] typically employed to reveal hESC developmental potential are heterogeneous and exhibit disorganized differentiation, progress in hESC technology development has been hindered. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a centrifugal forced-aggregation strategy in combination with a novel centrifugal-extraction approach as a foundation, we demonstrated that hESC input composition and inductive environment could be manipulated to form large numbers of well-defined aggregates exhibiting multi-lineage differentiation and substantially improved self-organization from single-cell suspensions. These aggregates exhibited coordinated bi-domain structures including contiguous regions of extraembryonic endoderm- and epiblast-like tissue. A silicon wafer-based microfabrication technology was used to generate surfaces that permit the production of hundreds to thousands of hEB per cm(2). Conclusions/Significance:The mechanisms of early human embryogenesis are poorly understood. We report an ultra high throughput (UHTP) approach for generating spatially and temporally synchronised hEB. Aggregates generated in this manner exhibited aspects of peri-implantation tissue-level morphogenesis. These results should advance fundamental studies into early human developmental processes, enable high-throughput screening strategies to identify conditions that specify hESC-derived cells and tissues, and accelerate the pre-clinical evaluation of hESC-derived cells.

关键词： 橡胶树   海垦2   花药培养   未授粉胚珠   胚胎发生  

摘要： 以橡胶树优良品种海垦2的花药和未授粉胚珠为外植体,系统地比较和分析两者的愈伤诱导率和胚胎发生能力。结果表明,海垦2花药污染率较其未授粉胚珠高,愈伤诱导率两者没有明显差异,但海垦2花药的胚胎发生能力极显著高于未授粉胚珠,每块愈伤组织平均分化胚状体3.17个。

关键词： 动物   组织学与胚胎学   理论教学   体会  

摘要： 动物组织学与胚胎学是动物科学与动物医学专业的一门重要专业基础课,是研究机体细胞、组织、器官微细结构及功能之间关系的基础学科。本文介绍了本教研室在动物组织学与胚胎学教学过程中的经验和体会。

关键词： Engrailed-2   胚胎发育  

摘要： 目的观察转录因子EN2在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的时空分布规律。方法利用Westernblot技术检测EN2在小鼠胚胎E8．5-E17．5的表达强度；利用免疫组化技术观察EN2在胚胎发育不同时期各组织器官中的分布。结果①Westernblot：E8．5未检测到明显的阳性蛋白条带，E9．5-E15．5在相对分子质量为41×10。处检测到清晰的EN2蛋白条带，表达水平从E9．5-E12．5逐渐增强，E13．5之后逐渐减弱，至E16．5消失。②免疫组化：在胚胎不同时期，EN2蛋白在中后脑交界部、Rathke囊周围、下颌弓、视交叉、嗅球、椎间盘、轴旁肌和一些间充质组织中都有不同程度的表达。结论EN2蛋白可能参与了神经系统、骨骼肌、椎间盘和一些间充质组织的发育与分化。

关键词： 随堂小测验   留学生   组织学与胚胎学  

摘要： 为了改进留学生组织学与胚胎学教学方法，提高留学生组织学与胚胎学教学水平，在2006级留学生的组织学实验课中实施随堂小测验，并设立对照组，探讨随堂小测验对留学生组织学与胚胎学多媒体考试与理论考试成绩有何影响。结果表明随堂小测验能够提高留学生的组织学与胚胎学多媒体标本考试成绩，但是对理论考试成绩无显著影响。可见，随堂小测验作为一种教学手段应用于留学生的组织学与胚胎学实验教学具有优越性。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   实验教学   体会  

摘要： 《组织胚胎学》是医学院校重要的基础课之一,它与解剖学、病理学、病理生理学、妇产科学等课程之间都存在着广泛而密切的联系,学生学好这门课程对以后的学习、科研及从事临床工作具有重要意义。《组织胚胎学》又是一门形态学科,具有平面和立体、静态和动态、局部和整体相结合的特点,包含组织学与胚胎学两门学科,内容多,知识面广,[第一段]