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关键词： 网络辅助教学   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 文章以校园网为依托对临床医学专业采取网络辅助教学模式,通过对比分析考核成绩和问卷调查,评价该教学模式对组织胚胎学教学效果的影响。结果显示网络辅助教学模式优于单一的传统课堂教学模式,并能显著提高组织胚胎学的教学效果,对突破传统课堂教学的局限性和帮助学生自主学习具有重要意义。

关键词： Freshwater prawn   Macrobrachium rosenbergii   Embryonic development   Biochemical composition   Proteins   Lipids   Carbohydrates  

摘要： The present work was carried out to describe the embryonic changes during development of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii based on some morphological and histological features. In addition the biochemical composition of eggs was investigated during the embryonic development of the studied species. Results revealed that eggs of M. rosenbergii completed their development in 20   days at 28.5   ±   0.45   °C. The present investigation showed that primordial germ cells (PGCs) were detected early in the examined embryos. In 6.5   days old embryo, a cluster of PGCs occupied the dorso-medial region behind the yolky portion. In addition, the biochemical data indicated that the protein content was significantly increased, while lipid and carbohydrate contents decreased during the embryonic development. The lowest water content was found in the bright orange eggs and reached its highest level in the deep brown eggs. It was noted that the increase in the water content was correlated with the increase in the egg diameters. It was also concluded that, variations in the biochemical compositions of eggs reflected changes in their morphogenesis during the embryonic development.

关键词： FISH   chromosome abnormality   embryo development   PGS   embryo quality  

摘要： Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was first applied on in vitro fertilisation (IVF) embryos for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis of sex, then chromosome translocations and later for chromosome copy number (PGS). Because of the controversy surrounding PGS diagnostically, it has been replaced by array-based approaches;however, FISH remains a powerful tool for investigating mechanisms of both post-zygotic segregation error and nuclear organisation, especially if most or all of the chromosomes in the karyotype can be analysed. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a 24 chromosome FISH assay to investigate chromosome-specific rates of gain and loss, nuclear organisation patterns and the veracity of the original PGS result in days 5-6 human embryos. Analysis of 17 embryos by this newly developed approach gave strong signals for all chromosomes;it revealed chromosome copy number for each human chromosome per cell for each embryo and the nuclear address of the (mostly centromeric) loci probed. As all embryos were surplus to IVF requirements for both transfer and freezing (and many had an abnormal PGS indication) expected high levels of chromosome abnormalities were seen and no single nucleus displayed a normal complement;all were mosaic. Certain patterns emerged, however, namely that chromosome loss was more common than gain and apparent mitotic non-disjunction. Moreover, the centromeric probes tended preferentially to occupy the nuclear centre. Where we had a prior day 3 biopsy PGS result, it was confirmed, in part, by 24 colour FISH in most but not all cases.

关键词： LGR4   knockout mice   kidney morphogenesis   apoptosis  

摘要： In mice, homozygous Lgr4 inactivation results in hypoplastic kidneys. To understand better the role of LGR4 in kidney development, we performed an analysis of kidneys in Lgr4(-/-) embryos. We stained Lgr4(-/-) kidneys with anti-WT1 and anti-Cleaved Caspase3 antibodies at E16.5, and observed that the structures of the cap mesenchyme were disrupted and that apoptosis increased. In addition, the expression of PAX2, an anti-apoptotic factor in kidney development, was also significantly decreased at E16.5. We found that the LGR4 defect caused an increase in apoptosis in the peripheral mesenchyme during kidney development.

关键词： Actomyosin/metabolism   Animals   Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology   Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics   Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism   Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/analysis   Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics   Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism   Cell Polarity   Cell Polarity   Dynamins/metabolism   Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology   Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology   Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism   Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental   Phenotype   Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics   Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism  

摘要： In all organisms, cell polarity is fundamental for most aspects of cell physiology. In many species and cell types, it is controlled by the evolutionarily conserved PAR-3, PAR-6 and aPKC proteins, which are asymmetrically localized at the cell cortex where they define specific domains. While PAR proteins define the antero-posterior axis of the early C. elegans embryo, the mechanism controlling their asymmetric localization is not fully understood. Here we studied the role of endocytic regulators in embryonic polarization and asymmetric division. We found that depleting the early endosome regulator RAB-5 results in polarity-related phenotypes in the early embryo. Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we observed that PAR-6 is localized at the cell cortex in highly dynamic puncta and depleting RAB-5 decreased PAR-6 cortical dynamics during the polarity maintenance phase. Depletion of RAB-5 also increased PAR-6 association with clathrin heavy chain (CHC-1) and this increase depended on the presence of the GTPase dynamin, an upstream regulator of endocytosis. Interestingly, further analysis indicated that loss of RAB-5 leads to a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and that this occurs independently of dynamin activity. Our results indicate that RAB-5 promotes C. elegans embryonic polarity in both dynamin-dependent and -independent manners, by controlling PAR-6 localization and cortical dynamics through the regulation of its association with the cell cortex and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton.

关键词： Arabidopsis   PHD finger   Embryogenesis  

摘要： Plant growth is directed by the activity of stem cells within meristems. The first meristems are established during early embryogenesis, and this process involves the specification of both stem cells and their organizer cells. One of the earliest events in root meristem initiation is marked by re-specification of the uppermost suspensor cell as hypophysis, the precursor of the organizer. The transcription factor MONOPTEROS (MP) is a key regulator of hypophysis specification, and does so in part by promoting the transport of the plant hormone auxin and by activating the expression of TARGET OF MP (TMO) transcription factors, both of which are required for hypophysis specification. The mechanisms leading to the activation of these genes by MP in a chromatin context are not understood. Here, we show that the PHD-finger proteins OBERON (OBE) and TITANIA (TTA) are essential for MP-dependent embryonic root meristem initiation. TTA1 and TTA2 are functionally redundant and function in the same pathway as OBE1 and OBE2. These PHD-finger proteins interact with each other, and genetic analysis shows that OBE-TTA heterotypic protein complexes promote embryonic root meristem initiation. Furthermore, while MP expression is unaffected by mutations in OBE/TTA genes, expression of MP targets TMO5 and TMO7 is locally lost in obe1 obe2 embryos. PHD-finger proteins have been shown to act in initiation of transcription by interacting with nucleosomes. Indeed, we found that OBE1 binds to chromatin at the TMO7 locus, suggesting a role in its MP-dependent activation. Our data indicate that PHD-finger protein complexes are crucial for the activation of MP-dependent gene expression during embryonic root meristem initiation, and provide a starting point for studying the mechanisms of developmental gene activation within a chromatin context in plants.

关键词： 体外受精-胚胎移植   自然流产   蜕膜   凋亡   Livin   TUNEL  

摘要： 目的研究体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后早期自然流产与正常妊娠人工流产蜕膜组织中细胞凋亡与凋亡抑制蛋白Livin的表达,分析并探讨细胞凋亡及Livin与IVF-ET术后自然流产的关系。方法对30例IVF-ET术后早期自然流产患者(研究组)和22例正常妊娠要求人工流产患者(对照组)的蜕膜组织进行研究。应用TdT介导的dUTP缺口原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡情况;应用免疫组化SP法检测Livin的表达。结果研究组蜕膜组织细胞凋亡指数(AI)(42.07±8.26%)明显高于对照组(17.86±7.40%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组蜕膜组织中Livin的表达(2.33±1.40分)明显低于对照组(5.64±1.94分),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IVF-ET术后早期自然流产患者蜕膜组织中Livin蛋白表达下降导致细胞凋亡过度,可能在自然流产的发生发展中起重要作用。

关键词： “3T教学法”组织胚胎学   教学  

摘要： 在组织胚胎学教学中运用"3T教学法",激发学生对学习的饥渴感,引导学生在学习过程中思考,改革考试制度,提高学生的学习积极性。

关键词： 唾液糖蛋白类/代谢   基质金属蛋白酶类/代谢   死胎  

摘要： 目的探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)及基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2在胚胎停育患者妊娠组织中的表达。方法采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测26例胚胎停育患者(实验组)及20例正常早孕要求流产患者(对照组)绒毛及蜕膜组织中骨桥蛋白(OPN)及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2)mRNA的表达量。结果胚胎停育患者绒毛组织中OPN及MMP-2的表达均明显低于正常早孕患者绒毛组织中的表达(P<0.05),二者呈正相关。结论 OPN及MMP-2在胚胎停育发生机制中起到一定作用。

关键词： 临床研究   中耳炎   国家级继续医学教育项目   诊治   学习班   第二附属医院   西安交通大学   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院（西北医院）耳鼻咽喉头颈外科病院、陕西省康复学会听力康复委员会及西安交通大学医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学系联合举办的第十一期国家级继续医学教育项目＂中耳炎基础及临床研究诊治新进展＂【项目编号：2012-07-01-207（国）】将于2012年9月14～21日在西安市举办。