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关键词： 高职高专   护理   组织学胚胎学   PBL教学法  

摘要： 以问题为基础的教学法（Problem—Based Learning，PBL）是以把学习设置成现实的、有意义的问题情景，让学生在情景中自主学习、相互协作以及集体讨论来解决问题，进而学习到相关的科学知识。目前在我国很多医学院校多有应用。我院为高职高专类医科院校，目前PBL教学法的应用基本处于空白状态。

关键词： Notch signaling   Embryos   Ectoderm   BMP signaling   Morpholino   Sea urchins   Signal inhibition   Vertebrates  

摘要： During echinoderm development, expression of nodal on the right side plays a crucial role in positioning of the rudiment on the left side, but the mechanisms that restrict nodal expression to the right side are not known. Here we show that establishment of left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo relies on reciprocal signaling between the ectoderm and a left-right organizer located in the endomesoderm. FGF/ERK and BMP2/4 signaling are required to initiate nodal expression in this organizer, while Delta/Notch signaling is required to suppress formation of this organizer on the left side of the archenteron. Furthermore, we report that the H+/K+-ATPase is critically required in the Notch signaling pathway upstream of the S3 cleavage of Notch. Our results identify several novel players and key early steps responsible for initiation, restriction, and propagation of left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis of a non-chordate deuterostome and uncover a functional link between the H+/K+-ATPase and the Notch signaling pathway.

关键词： Epidermal appendage   Mammary   PTHrP   Wnt   Mouse  

摘要： Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates cell fate and specifies the mammary mesenchyme during embryonic development. Loss of PTHrP or its receptor (Pthr1) abolishes the expression of mammary mesenchyme markers and allows mammary bud cells to revert to an epidermal fate. By contrast, overexpression of PTHrP in basal keratinocytes induces inappropriate differentiation of the ventral epidermis into nipple-like skin and is accompanied by ectopic expression of Lef1, beta-catenin and other markers of the mammary mesenchyme. In this study, we document that PTHrP modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the mammary mesenchyme using a Wnt signaling reporter, TOPGAL-C. Reporter expression is completely abolished by loss of PTHrP signaling and ectopic reporter activity is induced by overexpression of PTHrP. We also demonstrate that loss of Lef1, a key component of the Wnt pathway, attenuates the PTHrP-induced abnormal differentiation of the ventral skin. To characterize further the contribution of canonical Wnt signaling to embryonic mammary development, we deleted beta-catenin specifically in the mammary mesenchyme. Loss of mesenchymal beta-catenin abolished expression of the TOPGAL-C reporter and resulted in mammary buds with reduced expression of mammary mesenchyme markers and impaired sexual dimorphism. It also prevented the ectopic, ventral expression of mammary mesenchyme markers caused by overexpression of PTHrP in basal keratinocytes. Therefore, we conclude that a mesenchymal, canonical Wnt pathway mediates the PTHrP-dependent specification of the mammary mesenchyme.

关键词： Proteases   Histones   Embryos   Chromatin   Sea urchins   Cysteine proteases   Sperm   Polymerase chain reaction  

摘要： Proteolysis of sperm histones in the sea urchin male pronucleus is the consequence of the activation at fertilization of a maternal cysteine protease. We previously showed that this protein is required for male chromatin remodelling and for cell-cycle progression in the newly formed embryos. This enzyme is present in the nucleus of unfertilized eggs and is rapidly recruited to the male pronucleus after insemination. Interestingly, this cysteine-protease remains co-localized with chromatin during S phase of the first cell cycle, migrates to the mitotic spindle in M-phase and is re-located to the nuclei of daughter cells after cytokinesis. Here we identified the protease encoding cDNA and found a high sequence identity to cathepsin proteases of various organisms. A phylogenetical analysis clearly demonstrates that this sperm histone protease (SpHp) belongs to the cathepsin L sub-type. After an initial phase of ubiquitous expression throughout cleavage stages, SpHp gene transcripts become restricted to endomesodermic territories during the blastula stage. The transcripts are localized in the invaginating endoderm during gastrulation and a gut specific pattern continues through the prism and early pluteus stages. In addition, a concomitant expression of SpHp transcripts is detected in cells of the skeletogenic lineage and in accordance a pharmacological disruption of SpHp activity prevents growth of skeletal rods. These results further document the role of this nuclear cathepsin L during development.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   教学大纲   教学研究  

摘要： 为了进一步规范教学内容,明确教学重点和难点,确保教学质量,学院对本、专科各专业课程教学大纲进行了重新修订。本文阐述了依据组织胚胎学的教学内容和教学特点,制定了组织胚胎学课程教学大纲的新方案,通过对教学大纲的修订,探讨解决当前教学中存在问题的方法。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   精品课程   课程建设  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的基础医学课程,是研究人体健康与疾病的本质及其规律的科学。精品课程建设是提高基础医学课程教学质量的关键,是培养高素质人才的需要。从精品课程建设的意义出发,阐述了组织学与胚胎学精品课程建设的探索。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   实验教学   创新能力  

摘要： 改革传统的实验教学方法和考试模式,通过优化实验教学模块,对组织学39学时13个实验单元实验内容进行整合,留出4个实验单元为设计、创新实验时间,把设计性、创新性实验纳入实验教学计划,安排4次创新实验,培养医学生的创新能力。

关键词： 鸡胚   肝脏   组织学观察  

摘要： 肝脏是家禽体内最大的消化腺,其发生发育与功能的行使紧密相连。本研究从组织学的角度观察肉鸡肝脏组织在胚胎发育过程中的特点,并比较高、低脂系间肝脏组织在发育过程中的区别。结果发现,肝叶体积随日龄的增长而增加;胚胎发育至12日龄时肝小叶结构基本发育完整;在胚胎发育后期,肝细胞内脂滴明显增加,且肝叶周边的肝细胞较肝叶中心的肝细胞增殖活动旺盛。而在整个胚胎发育过程中,两系间肝细胞内脂滴沉积并没有明显的区别。

关键词： 临床研究   继续教育项目   中耳炎   国家级继续医学教育项目   诊治   第二附属医院   西安交通大学   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院（西北医院）耳鼻咽喉头颈外科病院、陕西省康复学会听力康复委员会及西安交通大学医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学系联合举办的第11期国家级继续医学教育项目＂中耳炎基础及临床研究诊治新进展＂[项目编号：2012-07-01-207（国）]将于2012年9月14～21日在西安市举办。

关键词： 人类胚胎干细胞   细胞培育   膜组织   《科技日报》   体视   家用   科学   论文发表  

摘要： 据2012年6月16日《参考消息》援引英国《每日邮报》网站6月3日报道以及2012年6月15日《科技日报》援引新华社东京6月14日电，日本一研究团队利用人类胚胎干细胞，成功培育出了立体的视网膜组织。研究论文发表在6月14日美国《细胞·干细胞》杂志上。