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关键词： 人体组织学   人体胚胎学   图谱   医学院校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7538181203

摘要： 本书是依据高等医学院校“组织、胚胎学教学大纲”和高等医学院校“医学专业业务统考大纲”的规定内容进行编绘的，书中收集了大量的资料和图片，光镜和电镜图千余幅。

关键词： Delphinidin   Apoptosis   Hypoxia   Embryonic stem cells  

摘要： Delphinidin, gallic acid, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid, which are bio-active ingredients in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs, have potent antioxidant activity and various biological activities. However, it is not clear whether these bio-active ingredients can significantly contribute to the protection of embryonic stem (ES) cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In the present study, hypoxia-induced ES cells apoptosis with time, which were abrogated by pretreatment with all ingredients. Hypoxia-induced ROS generation was blocked by pretreatment with all ingredients in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum ROS scavenging effect observed for delphinidin. Hypoxia increased phosphorylation of JNK and NF-kappa B were blocked by pretreatment of delphinidin as well as NAC. Hypoxia decreased phosphorylation of Akt(thr308) and (ser473);these decreases were reversed by pretreatment with delphinidin or NAC. However, Akt inhibition did not affect NF-kappa B phosphorylation. Delphinidin attenuated the hypoxia-induced increase in Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and decrease in Bcl-2, which were diminished by pretreatment of Akt inhibitor. Hypoxia induced Bax translocation from the cytosol to mitochondria. Furthermore, hypoxia induced mitochondria membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release in cytosol, which were blocked by delphinidin pretreatment. Hypoxia induced cleavage of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3 which were blocked by delphinidin or SP600125, but Akt inhibitor abolished the protection effect of delphinidin. Moreover, inhibition of JNK and NF-kappa B abolished hypoxia-induced ES cell apoptosis and inhibition of Akt attenuated delphinidin-induced blockage of apoptosis. The results indicate that delphinidin can prevent hypoxia-induced apoptosis of ES cells through the inhibition of JNK and NF-kappa B phosphorylation, and restoration of Akt phosphorylation.

关键词： SYMMETRY (Biology)   FATE mapping (Genetics)   MAMMAL phylogeny   EMBRYOLOGY   SELF-organizing systems  

摘要： The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. Recent experimental advances have revealed unexpected dynamics of and new complexity in this process. These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system.

关键词： DORSAL ventricular ridge   AMPHIBIANS -- Embryology   CHORDIN   PROTEINASES   BONE morphogenetic proteins   SECRETION  

摘要： Spemann's organizer plays a key role in dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning in the amphibian embryo by secreting diffusible proteins such as Chordin, an antagonist to ventralizing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The DV patterning is so robust that an amphibian embryo with its ventral half surgically removed can develop into a smaller but proportionally patterned larva. Here, we show that this robust patterning depends on facilitated Chordin degradation and requires the expression of the Chordin-proteinase inhibitor Sizzled on the opposite side. Sizzled, which is stable and diffuses widely along the DV axis, stabilizes Chordin and expands its distribution in the ventral direction. This expanded Chordin distribution, in turn, limits BMP-dependent Sizzled production, forming an axis-wide feedback loop for shaping Chordin's activity. Using bisection assays, we demonstrate that Chordin degradation is dynamically controlled by embryo-size-coupled Sizzled accumulation. We propose a scaling model that enables the DV pattern to adjust proportionally to embryonic axis size.

关键词： 组织胚胎学   实验考核   解剖学   改革   基础课程   实践教学   动手操作能力   操作考核  

摘要： 解剖学与组织胚胎学是重要的医学基础课程,实验操作考核是实践教学的一个重要环节,不仅能够使学生对实验教学加以重视,而且能够真实反映学生的实践能力。以往的传统考核(实物标本考核)模式,学生负担重,不易接受。通过多年的教学积累,逐步形成以多媒体考核为主、阶段性考核为辅的实验考核模式,取得较好效果[1]。

关键词： 小尾寒羊   背最长肌   组织切片   H-E染色  

摘要： [目的]利用组织生物学方法对不同时期小尾寒羊背最长肌进行研究。[方法]以小尾寒羊为研究对象,利用组织切片技术从微观层面研究胚胎期不同阶段肌纤维生长发育的变化情况。[结果]肌纤维的密度随着时间的增长呈现下降的趋势,而肌纤维直径随着密度的降低而增加。胚胎前期胎儿增重不明显,而胚胎后期及出生后体重迅速增加,差异显著。[结论]该研究可为开展优质肉羊杂交育种工作积累基础性数据。

关键词： 网络课程   实验教学   胚胎学   组织学   招生规模   教学手段   教学方法   理论教学  

摘要： 随着学校招生规模的不断扩大，组织学与胚胎学的教学方法和教学手段在传统讲授的基础上，逐渐进行相关的改革，不仅包括多媒体应用于理论教学和多媒体辅助实验教学，而且构建了网络课程进行辅助教学。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   实验教学   教学改革  

摘要： 实验教学是动物组织胚胎学课程中一个非常重要的组成部分。作者在近几年的动物组织胚胎学实验教学过程中,对课程体系、教学内容及教学方法等环节积极进行改革探索,构建了两模块三层次的新的教学模式,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 双语教学   组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   五年制学生  

摘要： 随着在高校中双语教学改革的逐步深入，越来越多的学科和领域引入了双语教学。组织学与胚胎学为医学专业基础课，是病理学和生理学等后续学科的基础，大部分专业的学生在第二学期开设。针对医学本科生组织学与胚胎学开展双语教学，不仅有利于引领学生及早接触医学专业英语，而且有利于提高学生的公共英语水平，同时还能够培养学生多向思维能力。我教研室近年来在对五年制临床等专业本科生教学中进行双语教学的探索和实践，

关键词： 移植   胚胎脑组织   神经元   小鼠  

摘要： 目的:建立选择性荧光标记小鼠胚胎脑组织移植块移植模型并观察选择性荧光标记的神经元在成体脑组织中的存活、发育和投射。方法:将孕龄14～15 d选择性荧光标记的胎鼠脑组织块移植到受损的普通小鼠大脑皮层中,2个月后用荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜结合Nissl染色的方法观察胚胎脑组织移植块内选择性荧光标记的神经元在受体大脑中的生长发育情况。结果:在胚胎脑组织移植块内观察到只有少部分神经元被标记,这些类似于Golgi染色模式的选择性荧光标记的神经元有大量的神经纤维投射到受体鼠的不同脑区。通过Nissl染色和共聚焦成像发现胚胎脑组织移植块内神经元能分化并形成典型的突触结构-树突棘和突触终扣。结论:胚胎脑组织移植块内选择性荧光标记的神经元在受体脑内能够存活并特异性地表达荧光,这些标记的神经元具有正常的形态结构,可以投射到各个脑区并参与神经回路的重建。