教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 网络辅助教学   组织胚胎学   自主学习能力  

摘要： 网络辅助教学是在传统课堂教学基础上的,以网络技术作为支撑的一种辅助教学模式,是一种基于培养大学生自主学习能力的全新的教学模式,目前已成为现代医学教育发展的必然趋势。通过对我校组织胚胎学课程教学特点和现状的分析,提出了本学科网络辅助教学模式的设计思路,以期为网络辅助教学模式的研究提供有价值的参考。

关键词： Zebrafish embryo   Aquatic acute toxicity   Reproducibility   Validation   Alternative method  

摘要： The OECD validation study of the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test (ZFET) for acute aquatic toxicity testing evaluated the ZFET reproducibility by testing 20 chemicals at 5 different concentrations in 3 independent runs in at least 3 laboratories. Stock solutions and test concentrations were analytically confirmed for 11 chemicals. Newly fertilised zebrafish eggs (20/concentration and control) were exposed for 96 h to chemicals. Four apical endpoints were recorded daily as indicators of acute lethality: coagulation of the embryo, lack of somite formation, non-detachment of the tail bud from the yolk sac and lack of heartbeat. Results (LC50 values for 48/96 h exposure) show that the ZFET is a robust method with a good intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility (CV < 30%) for most chemicals and laboratories. The reproducibility was lower (CV > 30%) for some very toxic or volatile chemicals, and chemicals tested close to their limit of solubility. The ZFET is now available as OECD Test Guideline 236. Considering the high predictive capacity of the ZFET demonstrated by Belanger et al. (2013) in their retrospective analysis of acute fish toxicity and fish embryo acute toxicity data, the ZFET is ready to be considered for acute fish toxicity for regulatory purposes. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Animals   Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/deficiency   Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics   Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism   Cell Proliferation/drug effects   Cobalt/pharmacology   Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology   Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism   Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism   Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects   Gene Knockdown Techniques   Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism   Intestines/embryology   Liver/cytology   Liver/embryology   Organ Size/drug effects   Pancreas, Exocrine/embryology   Phenotype   Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics   Response Elements/genetics   Transcription, Genetic   Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects   Zebrafish/embryology   Zebrafish/genetics   Zebrafish Proteins/genetics  

摘要： The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, digestion, and the maintenance of homeostasis. During development, the vertebrate embryonic liver undergoes a series of morphogenic processes known as hepatogenesis. Hepatogenesis can be separated into three interrelated processes: endoderm specification, hepatoblast differentiation, and hepatic outgrowth. Throughout this process, signaling molecules and transcription factors initiate and regulate the coordination of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, intercellular adhesion, and cell migration. Hifs are already recognized to be essential in embryonic development, but their role in hepatogenesis remains unknown. Using the zebrafish embryo as a model organism, we report that the lack of Hif2-alpha but not Hif1-alpha blocks hepatic outgrowth. While Hif2-alpha is not involved in hepatoblast specification, this transcription factor regulates hepatocyte cell proliferation during hepatic outgrowth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the lack of Hif2-alpha can reduce the expression of liver-enriched gene 1 (leg1), which encodes a secretory protein essential for hepatic outgrowth. Additionally, exogenous mRNA expression of leg1 can rescue the small liver phenotype of hif2-alpha morphants. We also showed that Hif2-alpha directly binds to the promoter region of leg1 to control leg1 expression. Interestingly, we discovered overrepresented, high-density Hif-binding sites in the potential upstream regulatory sequences of leg1 in teleosts but not in terrestrial mammals. We concluded that hif2-alpha is a key factor required for hepatic outgrowth and regulates leg1 expression in zebrafish embryos. We also proposed that the hif2-alpha-leg1 axis in liver development may have resulted from the adaptation of teleosts to their environment.

关键词： 临床研究   继续教育项目   中耳炎   国家级继续医学教育项目   诊治   西安交通大学   第二附属医院   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 由西安交通大学第二附属医院（西北医院）耳鼻咽喉头颈外科病院、陕西省康复学会听力康复委员会及西安交通大学医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学系联合举办的第十三期国家级继续医学教育项目“中耳炎基础及临床研究诊治新进展”[项目编号：2014-07-01—239（国）]将于2014年10月17—24日在西安举办。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   科学研究  

摘要： 分析了医学院校组织学与胚胎学课程中开展科研活动小组的必要性,阐述了开展科研活动的方案、可行性,探讨了开展科研活动小组以后的教学效果,认为在组织学与胚胎学教学中引入科研活动小组可以激发学生学习兴趣,提高教学效果,是培养医学生创新能力的有效途径。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   绘图能力   培养  

摘要： 结合实际,针对组织胚胎学实验教学中绘图能力的培养进行了论述。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   考查课   教学改革  

摘要： 对于部分专业,在我校组织胚胎学被定为考查课,考查课课时少而组织胚胎学内容多且复杂,学生学习难度较大。为了提高组织胚胎学教学质量,本教研室在组织胚胎学考查课教学实践中尝试采取了一系列的教学改革措施,包括教学内容、教学方法和考核方法的改进,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   绪论课   兴趣   体会  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是大学新生的重要专业基础课。在本课程学习之初，通过绪论课来激发学生兴趣，提高学习效果是非常重要的。本文结合教学实践谈了六点对该课程绪论教学的体会。