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关键词： EMBRYOLOGY   FERTILIZATION in vitro   TESTICULAR diseases   SPERMATOZOA   PATHOLOGICAL histology   BIOPSY   SEMEN analysis  

关键词： chemical wave   centrosome   cell cycle   microtubule aster   embryo  

摘要： The large cells in early vertebrate development face an extreme physical challenge in organizing their cytoplasm. For example, amphibian embryos have to divide cytoplasm that spans hundreds of micrometres every 30 min according to a precise geometry, a remarkable accomplishment given the extreme difference between molecular and cellular scales in this system. How do the biochemical reactions occurring at the molecular scale lead to this emergent behaviour of the cell as a whole? Based on recent findings, we propose that the centrosome plays a crucial role by initiating two autocatalytic reactions that travel across the large cytoplasm as chemical waves. Waves of mitotic entry and exit propagate out from centrosomes using the Cdk1 oscillator to coordinate the timing of cell division. Waves of microtubule-stimulated microtubule nucleation propagate out to assemble large asters that position spindles for the following mitosis and establish cleavage plane geometry. By initiating these chemical waves, the centrosome rapidly organizes the large cytoplasm during the short embryonic cell cycle, which would be impossible using more conventional mechanisms such as diffusion or nucleation by structural templating. Large embryo cells provide valuable insights to how cells control chemical waves, which may be a general principle for cytoplasmic organization.

关键词： 解剖学及组织胚胎学   计算机辅助教学   教师   学生   组织   器官  

摘要： 随着科技的发展,计算机、投影仪等辅助工具已经普遍应用到了课堂《解剖学及组织胚胎学》教学中,由图像、文字、声音和动画等制作成的课件的应用,已经取代个过去在传统教学中要用到的挂图、模型及板图。通过图文并茂的PPT教学课件,使《解剖学及组织胚胎学》这门形态学学科在教与学的过程中,由抽象变得直观,由困难变得简单,大大的降低了教学难度,对提高教学质量起到了不可估量的作用。

关键词： 组织学   胚胎学   研究型实验教学   探索  

摘要： 作为医学的基础课程,组织学与胚胎学有很强的直观性和实践性,处于形态学范畴。组织学与胚胎学研究型实验教学对教学质量提高具有积极的意义,在提高学生基本技能和动手能力的同时,还培养了学生的治学精神。这种教学方式的运用激发了学生的学习兴趣和求知欲,巩固了理论知识的教学效果,为后续基础课程和临床课程的学习奠定基础。所以,本文将对组织学与胚胎学研究型实验教学进行一番探索。

关键词： 绘图技能   组织胚胎学   实验教学  

摘要： 对于形态结构描述最有效、最基本的方式就是绘图,它不仅能准确精细地记录组织、器官的微细结构,而且具有文字无法替代的作用,能把抽象的概念直观化。因此,为提高组织胚胎学的教学质量,要着重强化对学生绘图技能的培养。

关键词： 计算机辅助教学   组织胚胎学   应用  

摘要： 随着信息技术的发展和国家对高等教育的投入不断加大,计算机辅助教学越来越多的应用到高校的课堂教学当中。组织胚胎学是大学生较早接触到的医学基础课程之一,该课程知识点繁多、概念抽象且缺乏逻辑、人体显微形态结构多样、内容枯燥,传统教学方法教师难教、学生难学。在组织胚胎学应用计算机辅助教学可使抽象、枯燥的内容具体化、趣味化,达到事半功倍的效果。同时,也应注意避免在教学中过分依赖计算机多媒体课件,陷入计算机辅助教学的误区。

关键词： 主编   中国解剖学会   《人体解剖学》   政府特殊津贴   精品课程   组织胚胎学   博士生导师   四川省  

摘要： 羊惠君，医学博士，人体解剖与组织胚胎学教授，博士生导师，获国务院政府特殊津贴，四川省学术和技术带头人，四川省教学名师中国解剖学会理事，《解剖学报》编委，《解剖学杂志》编委，四川省解剖学会理事长，《四川解剖学杂志》主编，四川省精品课程《人体解剖学》课程负责人，

关键词： voltage-activated calcium channels   hypoxia   rat embryo chromaffin cells  

摘要： At early life, the adrenal chromaffin cells respond with a catecholamine surge under hypoxic conditions. This response depends on Ca2+ entry through voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs). We have investigated here three unresolved questions that concern this response in rat embryo chromaffin cells (ECCs): 1) the relative contribution of L (alpha(1D), Cav1.3), N (alpha(1B), Cav2.2), and PQ (alpha(1A), Cav2.1) to the whole cell Ca2+ current (I-Ca);2) the relative contribution of L and N/PQ channels to the cytosolic Ca2+ elevations triggered by hypoxia (Delta[Ca2+](c));and 3) the role of L and non-L high-VACCs in the regulation of the catecholamine surge occurring during prolonged (1 min) hypoxia exposure of ECCs. Nimodipine halved peak I-Ca and blocked 60% the total Ca2+ entry during a 50-ms depolarizing pulse to 0 mV (Q(Ca)). Combined omega-agatoxin IVA plus omega-conotoxin GVIA (Aga/GVIA) blocked 30% of both I-Ca peak and Q(Ca). This relative proportion of L- and non-L VACCs was corroborated by Western blot that indicated 55, 23, and 25% relative expression of L, N, and PQ VACCs. Exposure of ECCs to hypoxia elicited a mild but sustained Delta[Ca2+](c);the area of Delta[Ca2+](c) was blocked 50% by nifedipine and 10% by Aga/GVIA. Exposure of ECCs to 1-min hypoxia elicited an initial transient burst of amperometric secretory spikes followed by scattered spikes along the time of cell exposure to hypoxia. This bulk response was blocked 85% by nimodipine and 35% by Aga/GVIA. Histograms on secretory spike frequency vs. time indicated a faster initial inactivation when Ca2+ entry took place through N/PQ channels;more sustained secretion but at a lower rate was associated to Ca2+ entry through L channels. The results suggest that the HIS response may initially be controlled by L and P/Q channels, but later on, N/PQ channels inactivate and the delayed HIS response is maintained at lower rate by slow-inactivating L channels.

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   实验教学  

摘要： 实验教学是组织学与胚胎学整个教学过程的重要环节之一,实验课教学效果的好坏,不仅直接影响着本学科及后继学科的教学质量,而且对培养学生的专业素质和综合素质起到了不可忽视的作用。我们从备课、激发兴趣预习、多方式结合授课、开放实验室、开设第二课堂、调整考核方式六个方面进行了实验教学优化初探,取得了较好的教学效果。