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关键词： 民族地区   人体解剖学与组织胚胎学   教学体会  

摘要： 人体解剖学与组织胚胎学是研究正常人体形态结构、发生发育及其功能关系的学科，是医学教育中非常重要的基础课程之一。由于这门课程医学名词、知识点繁多，加上民族地区的学生接受的教育层次参差不齐，而该门课程的学习多靠死记硬背，难免觉得枯燥乏味，没有兴趣。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   兴趣   教学方法   人文教育  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的基础课,理论内容抽象难懂,名词繁多,给很多医学生带来困扰。多学科联系教学法可在有限的教学时间内,大大提升学生的学习兴趣,调动了学生的学习兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： Organizer   Morphogen   Gradient   BMP   Nodal  

摘要： During the course of their classic experiments, Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann discovered that the dorsal blastopore lip of an amphibian gastrula was able to induce formation of a complete embryonic axis when transplanted into the ventral side of a host gastrula embryo. Since then, the inducing activity of the dorsal lip has been known as the Spemann or dorsal organizer. During the past 25 years, studies performed in a variety of species have led to the identification of molecular factors associated with the properties of this tissue. However, none of them is, by itself, able to induce formation of the main body axis from a population of naive pluripotent embryonic cells. Recently, experiments performed using the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) revealed that the organizing activities present in the embryo are not restricted to the Spemann organizer but are distributed along the entire blastula/gastrula margin. These organizing activities result from the interaction between two opposing gradients of morphogens, BMP and Nodal, that are the primary signals that trigger the cascade of developmental events leading to the organization of the embryo. These studies mark the end of the era during which developmental biologists saw the Spemann organizer as the core element for the organization of the vertebrate embryonic axis and, instead, provides opportunities for the experimental control of morphogenesis starting with a population of embryonic pluripotent cells that will be instructed using those two morphogen gradients. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nodular embryogenic structures   Red oak   Secondary embryogenesis   Somatic embryogenesis   STS   White oak  

摘要： In somatic embryogenic systems of various oak species, including Quercus alba and Q. rubra, embryogenic lines generally proliferate through generation of nodular embryogenic structures (NS) as a form of repetitive embryogenesis, without embryo development progressing to the cotyledonary stage, or with a low proportion of embryo formation, resulting in the inability to achieve suitable material for plant recovery. In experiments we used previously initiated embryogenic lines derived from 7-year-old trees of Q. alba and Q. rubra. The aim of this work was to improve embryo proliferation and histodifferentiation of lines from these oak species to obtain well-developed embryos and plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate (STS) and sucrose concentration on secondary embryo production were investigated. Overall, the best embryo proliferation medium consisted of basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.4 % charcoal and 20 A mu M STS, and supplemented with 6 % sucrose for Q. alba and 3 % sucrose for Q. rubra. In these conditions, well-developed and singularised torpedo- and cotyledonary-shaped embryos were produced. The developmental stage of the embryogenic explant used for subculture significantly influenced embryo production and differentiation of new secondary embryos, with NS being the most effective explant despite being the smallest explant type in terms of size and fresh weight. Addition of STS in the germination medium also had a positive effect on germination response giving rise to approximately 39 % embryo conversion in Q. alba and 11 % in Q. rubra.

关键词： Animals   Animals, Newborn   Anoxia/pathology   Disease Models, Animal   Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism   Endothelium, Vascular/pathology   Larva/metabolism   Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism   Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology   Retina/metabolism   Retina/pathology   Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism   Retinal Neovascularization/pathology   Retinal Vessels/metabolism   Retinal Vessels/pathology   Retinopathy of Prematurity/metabolism   Retinopathy of Prematurity/pathology   RNA, Messenger/metabolism   Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism   Zebrafish  

摘要： Retinopathy of prematurity, formerly known as a retrolental fibroplasia, is a leading cause of infantile blindness worldwide. Retinopathy of prematurity is caused by the failure of central retinal vessels to reach the retinal periphery, creating a nonperfused peripheral retina, resulting in retinal hypoxia, neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreoretinal fibrosis, and loss of vision. We established a potential retinopathy of prematurity model by using a green fluorescent vascular endothelium zebrafish transgenic line treated with cobalt chloride (a hypoxia-inducing agent), followed by GS4012 (a vascular endothelial growth factor inducer) at 24 hours postfertilization, and observed that the number of vascular branches and sprouts significantly increased in the central retinal vascular trunks 2-4 days after treatment. We created an angiography method by using tetramethylrhodamine dextran, which exhibited severe vascular leakage through the vessel wall into the surrounding retinal tissues. The quantification of mRNA extracted from the heads of the larvae by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a twofold increase in vegfaa and vegfr2 expression compared with the control group, indicating increased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in the hypoxic condition. In addition, we demonstrated that the hypoxic insult could be effectively rescued by several antivascular endothelial growth factor agents such as SU5416, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. In conclusion, we provide a simple, highly reproducible, and clinically relevant retinopathy of prematurity model based on zebrafish embryos;this model may serve as a useful platform for clarifying the mechanisms of human retinopathy of prematurity and its progression.

关键词： 高职教育   组织胚胎学   教学效果  

摘要： 高职教育是我国职业教育的重要组成部分,如何有效地提高课堂的教学质量是高职教育教学改革永远不变的主题。结合组织胚胎学学科特点和民办高职院校学生缺乏综合分析能力的现状,通过在教学过程中适时地对所学内容进行阶段小结,激发了学生学习兴趣,明显地提高了教学效果。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   畜牧兽医专业   教学效果   形态学科   产科学   形态描述   免疫学   操作技能   就业单位   多元化教学  

摘要： 动物组织胚胎学是一门形态学科,是解剖学的延伸,是研究机体细微结构及其相关功能的学科。特点是理论性强,名词、概念多,理论知识抽象,形态描述困难,是学生进入兽医专业领域学习的第一道门槛。组织胚胎学通过显微镜观察组织、器官的微细结构,研究其与功能的关系。在畜牧兽医专业,这门课程作为基础课程之一,与其他相关学科交叉、渗透,与解剖学、病理学、生理学、免疫学及产科学等之间都有着广泛而密切的联系,起到重要的纽带作用。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   技术人员   师资培养  

摘要： 实验教学是高校教学体系的重要组成部分,是培养学生掌握科学实验方法与技能、提高科学素质、动手能力及创新能力的主要手段。实验技术人员的思想素质、业务水平、身心状况直接关系到实验教学、科研水平和管理水平。建设一支思想作风硬、业务素质好、管理能力强的实验技术队伍是提高实验教学质量、开展科学研究、搞好实验室建设与管理的重要保证。

关键词： 基于问题的学习教学法   组织胚胎学   高职护理专业  

摘要： 目的:探讨在护理专业组织胚胎学教学中应用基于问题的学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法的教学效果。方法:随机抽取我校2012级高职护理专业4个小班,共239名学生进行研究,观察组采用PBL教学法,对照组采用传统教学方法,通过闭卷考试和调查问卷对教学效果进行评价。结果:观察组学生的平均分82.2分,对照组学生平均分71.6分,观察组学生的学习成绩明显优于对照组(P<0.05);调查问卷结果表明观察组学生在学习兴趣、自学能力、临床思维能力、沟通及协作能力等方面都有较大提高。结论:在高职高专护理专业组织胚胎学教学中采用PBL教学法,可提高学生学习成绩及教学效果。

关键词： 医科大学   陈列馆   形态学   昆明   科普教育基地   组织胚胎学   人体解剖学   寄生虫学  

摘要： 昆明医科大学形态学陈列馆于2003年被命名为“云南省科普教育基地”。陈列馆由5个陈列室组成，涵盖了组织胚胎学、病理学、寄生虫学、生物学、人体解剖学等5个学科，陈列（拥有）正常、病理的人体和动物标本及模型8000余件。