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关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   教学改革  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学作为形态学课程,内容相对琐碎,趣味性不强。如何调动学生的学习积极性是老师面临的一大难题。教学团队依据多年的教学经验,结合授课对象的学习特点,提出了一些关于组织学与胚胎学教学方法的拙见及思考,合理运用网络平台,激发学习兴趣,提高教学质量。

关键词： 动物组织学与胚胎学   理教学   实验教学   教学质量  

摘要： 动物组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的基础形态学课程,如何提高其教学质量是教学活动的重要问题。在总结多年的教学实践后,从上好绪论课、充分备课、拓宽教学思路、改革实验教学内容、应用先进设备、创造动手条件等方面就如何提高组胚学教学质量进行了探讨。

关键词： 鱼类学   实践教学改革   水产养殖学专业   鱼类生物学   创新   课程体系   分类性状   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 鱼类学是水产养殖学专业必修的学科基础课，在课程体系中占有举足轻重的地位和作用，是学生进一步学习鱼类增养殖学、鱼类生理学、鱼类组织胚胎学、鱼病学、鱼类营养与饲料学等有关专业课程的基础。通过本课程的学习，使学生初步接触科学研究，熟悉鱼体内各系统、外部形态结构组成及功能，掌握鱼类分类的依据、常用分类性状，以及鱼类的生物学基础知识和鱼类生物学的研究方法，为学生更好地学习鱼类增养殖学及其生产实习，以及毕业后从事渔业生产、科技工作和水产管理工作奠定坚实的基础。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学方法   深入浅出  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是医学专业基础课程之一,与人体解剖学、生理学、病理学等学科密切相关。对于零基础的大一新生,医学知识匮乏,加之教学内容晦涩难懂,难免出现厌学情绪。因此,教学过程中深入浅出,整合分散的知识点,并与其他相关课程融会贯通,调动学生积极性,引发其主动思考,提高教学质量。

关键词： Body temperature   Hypoxic incubation   Oxygen consumption   Phenotypic plasticity   Thermal preference  

摘要： Environmental changes during perinatal development can affect the postnatal life. In this sense, chicken embryos that experience low levels of O-2 over a specific phase of incubation can have their tissue growth reduced and the ventilatory response to hypoxia blunted, at least until hatching. Additionally, exposure to low level of 02 after birth reduces the thermogenesis as well. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia over the third week of incubation affects the thermoregulation of juvenile chicks at an age when thermogenesis is already expected to be well-developed. To this end, we measured body temperature (Tb) and oxygen consumption (V0(2)) under acute hypoxia or different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 1 and 10 day-old chicks that have been exposed to 21%O-2 for entire incubation (Nx) or to 15% O-2 in the last week of incubation (Hx). We also assessed the thermal preference under normoxia or acute hypoxia of the older chicks from both incubation groups in a thermocline. Hypoxia over incubation reduced growth but did not affect the cold-induced thermogenesis in hatchlings. Regarding the juvenile Hx, present data indicate a catch up growth with higher resting V0(2), a thermal preference for warmer Tas and a possible higher thermal conductance. In conclusion, our results show that hypoxia over the third week of incubation can affect the thermoregulation at least until 10 days after hatch in chickens. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.

关键词： Cathepsins   Embryo development   RT-qPCR   Enzymatic activity   Seriola  

摘要： In pelagic species such as Seriola lalandi, survival of both the eggs and embryos depends on yolk processing during oocyte maturation and embryo development. The main enzymes involved in these processes are the cathepsins, which are essential for the hydration process, acquiring buoyancy and nutrition of the embryo before hatching. This study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression profiles of cathepsins B, D and L (catb, catd and catl) and the activity of these enzymes during early development in S. lalandi. We included previtellogenic oocytes (PO). All three enzymes were highly expressed in PO, but the expression was reduced throughout development. Between PO and recently spawned eggs (E1) the transcript to catb and catd decreased, unlike catl. Cathepsin B activity, showed stable levels between PO until blastula stage (E4). High activities levels of cathepsins D and L were observed in El in comparison with later developmental stages. Cathepsin L activity remained constant until El, consistent with observations in other pelagic spawners, where its participation in a second protolithic cleavage of the yolk proteins, has been proposed for this enzyme. Their profiles of both mRNA expression and enzymatic activity indicate the importance of these enzymes during early development and suggest different roles in egg yolk processing for the hydration process and nutrition in early embryos in this species. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Olive   Cryopreservation Droplet-vitrification   Somatic embryos   Histological analysis  

摘要： This study reports on successful cryopreservation of olive somatic embryos by using the droplet vitrification method on aluminium foil strips. All explants tested showed high sensitivity to both cryoprotective solutions and freezing. Nevertheless, slightly higher recovery values were achieved when using the most heterogeneous explants, i.e., somatic embryos 1-6 mm in size. Growth conditions of somatic embryos significantly affected their subsequent response to cryopreservation. Post-rewarming culture recovery percentage was significantly affected by the culture method, in solid or liquid medium, the culture growth phase at which explants were sampled and the interaction between both factors. Significantly better results were obtained when somatic embryos were previously cultured in liquid medium for 28 days. At this conditions, 60% of samples resumed embryogenesis, thus ensuring the safe long-term conservation of this type of embryogenic structures. As revealed by the histological analysis, increased recovery observed in this treatment could be explained by stimulation of cell proliferation and secondary embryos formation, thus increasing the presence of meristematic and embryogenic cells, more prone to withstand cryopreservation treatments. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

关键词： development   hypoxia   hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)   muscle regeneration   Notch pathway  

摘要： Muscle satellite cells are myogenic stem cells whose quiescence, activation, self-renewal, and differentiation are influenced by oxygen supply, an environmental regulator of stem cell activity. Accordingly, stem cell-specific oxygen signaling pathways precisely control the balance between muscle growth and regeneration in response to oxygen fluctuations, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central mediators of these cellular responses. However, the in vivo roles of HIFs in quiescent satellite cells and activated satellite cells (myoblasts) are poorly understood. Using transgenic mouse models for cell-specific HIF expression, we show here that HIF1 and HIF2 are preferentially expressed in pre- and post-differentiation myoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, double knockouts of HIF1 and HIF2 (HIF1/2 dKO) generated with the MyoD(Cre) system in embryonic myoblasts resulted in apparently normal muscle development and growth. However, HIF1/2 dKO produced with the tamoxifen-inducible, satellite cell-specific Pax7(CreER) system in postnatal satellite cells delayed injury-induced muscle repair due to a reduced number of myoblasts during regeneration. Analysis of satellite cell dynamics on myofibers confirmed that HIF1/2 dKO myoblasts exhibit reduced self-renewal but more pronounced differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, the HIF1/2 dKO blunted hypoxia-induced activation of Notch signaling, a key determinant of satellite cell self-renewal. We conclude that HIF1 and HIF2 are dispensable for muscle stem cell function under normoxia but are required for maintaining satellite cell self-renewal in hypoxic environments. Our insights into a critical mechanism in satellite cell homeostasis during muscle regeneration could help inform research efforts to treat muscle diseases or improve muscle function.

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   微课   课程改革  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是医学生重要的基础课程之一,为了培养学生对该课程的学习兴趣和自主学习的能力,达到提高教学质量的目的,尝试进行基于微课教学模式的组织学与胚胎学课程改革。文章总结了在组织学与胚胎学传统教学中引入微课的实践和体会,为开展课程改革提供借鉴。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   立体教学   理实一体化   教学改革  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是一门形态学科,也是重要的基础课程。为进一步提高组织学与胚胎学的教学效果,加深学生对该课程知识的掌握与理解,将课堂中采取理实一体化教学以及课后采用微课教学整合起来,构建组织学与胚胎学立体教学模式,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了教学质量。