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关键词： Cornea   Stem cell   Neural crest   Periocular mesenchyme   Transition zone  

摘要： Corneal tissue is the most transplanted of all body tissues. Currently, cadaveric donor tissues are used for transplantation. However, a global shortage of transplant grade material has prompted development of alternative, cell-based therapies for corneal diseases. Pluripotent stem cells are attractive sources of cells for regenerative medicine, because large numbers of therapeutically useful cells can be generated. However, a detailed understanding of how to differentiate clinically relevant cell types from stem cells is fundamentally required. Periocular mesenchyme (POM), a subtype of cranial neural crest, is vital for development of multiple cell types in the cornea, including clinically relevant cells such as corneal endothelium and stromal keratocytes. Herein, we describe protocols for differentiation of POM from pluripotent stem cells. Using defined media containing inhibitors of TGF beta and WNT signalling, we generated neural crest cells that express high levels of the POM transcription factors PITX2 and FOXC1. Furthermore, we identified cells resembling POM in the adult cornea, located in a niche between the trabecular meshwork and peripheral endothelium. The generation and expansion of POM is an important step in the generation of a number of cells types that could prove to be clinically useful for a number of diseases of the cornea.

关键词： epithelial mesenchymal transition   embryonic development   tissue repair   tumor formation and progression   stem cells  

摘要： The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a central role in both normal physiological events (e.g., embryonic development) and abnormal pathological events (e.g., tumor formation and metastasis). The processes that occur in embryonic development are often reactivated under pathological conditions such as oncogenesis. Therefore, defining the regulatory networks (both gene and protein levels) involved in the EMT during embryonic development will be fundamental in understanding the regulatory networks involved in tumor development, as well as metastasis. There are many molecules, factors, mediators and signaling pathways that are involved in the EMT process. Although the EMT is a very old topic with numerous publications, recent new technologies and discoveries give this research area some new perspective and direction. It is now clear that these important processes are controlled by a network of transcriptional and translational regulators in addition to post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications that amplify the initial signals. In this review article, we will discuss some key concepts, historical findings, as well as some recent progresses in the EMT research field.

关键词： 人体组织学   高等学校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787553786131

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是研究人体微细结构及其功能关系的学科，是一门实践性很强的形态学科。因此，苏衍萍、任明姬主编的《组织学与胚胎学（供临床医学预防医学口腔医学医学影像学医学检验学等专业用第2版全国普通高等教育临床医学专业5+3十三五规划教材）》在编写过程中强调对学生基本理论、基本知识、基本技能的培养，注重以形态与功能相结合、局部与整体相统一的辩证唯物主义观理解人体的组织结构，同时吸纳了新的教学研究成果和新的科学研究成果，使本教材更具有思想性、科学性、先进性、启发性、实用性。本教材共有彩色图片419幅，其中模式图和示意图236幅，细胞、组织器官光镜和电镜结构图片183幅。本教材在第1版的基础上更换图片70余幅，继续保持每一重要结构后都附有精美图片，图随文走，图文并茂，将抽象的微细结构生动形象地展现出来，有助于学生在头脑中建立机体结构的立体形象，便于教和学。

关键词： Okra   Cotyledonary leaf   In-vitro   Somatic embryos   Regeneration   ISSR  

摘要： Okra is an important vegetable crop and very few studies have been carried out for the development and in vitro regeneration of somatic embryos. In this study, we have developed an efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis from cotyledonary leaf explants of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech). In this investigation, the genotype CoBhH1 of A. esculentus was tested with different amino acids and casein hydrolysate for the optimization culture conditions and development of somatic embryos. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing Gamborgs (B5) vitamins, 400 mg/l L-glutamine, 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 8 g agar, 1.5 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Proembryoids were observed after 4 weeks of regular subculturing in the same media. Globular to torpedo shaped somatic embryo development was observed after 8 weeks of culture. Mature embryos were selected by their cotyledonary stage and subcultured on the regeneration medium. Half strength MS medium containing B5 vitamin (half strength), 30 g sucrose, 8 g agar, 1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l GA3 were used for regeneration and shoot elongation. A total of 17.43 plantlets were obtained from single explant through this protocol. The plantlets were transferred to plastic cups in laboratory condition and finally transferred to the greenhouse with a 100% survival rate. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysiswas used to check the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants. No polymorphism was detected revealing the genetic integrity of regenerated plantlets. The regenerated plants were morphologically similar to those of the mother plant. (C) 2017 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 人体胚胎学   高等学校   教材   人体组织学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787547836675

摘要： 《组织学与胚胎学(第3版)》为《组织学与胚胎学(第2版)》修订版,本着精编教材“精炼、创新、适用”的特点,秉持“突出中医传统特色,反映学科最新进展”的原则。补充第2版中过于简单的章节,如上皮组织、淋巴组织中的部分内容。三是增加最新的研究进展,如组织学与胚胎学的研究方法等。

关键词： 形态学   组织学与胚胎学   双语教学  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是重要的形态学基础课程,双语教学模式在本学科的应用,对于后续课程的双语教学具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨双语教学模式应用于组织学与胚胎学的意义、存在的问题与解决途径。针对应用中存在的不足,通过多个教学环节的改革加以完善。

摘要： 赣南医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学是第五届校级重点扶持学科,教学团队为江西省优秀教学团队。该学科的主要研究方向和特色为组织免疫研究、心血管疾病形态学改变研究和神经内分泌研究。目前,该学科师资队伍有教授5人,副教授9人,讲师7人。其中博士3人,硕士18人;省级中青年骨干教师2人,学校"教学标兵"1人,硕士生导师2人。近五年来本学科承担国家自然基金课题3

关键词： 目标式教学法   解剖学   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 目的对目标式教学法在解剖学及组织胚胎学教学中的优势进行探究。方法从我校临床医学专业学生中抽取80名随机分为对照组(40名,应用常规教学方式)与研究组(40名,应用目标式教学法)。对比学期末不同组别学生考核成绩、成绩分布情况、教学方式评价情况。结果研究组实验动手能力、解剖结构认知能力、综合问题解决能力、实践考核总成绩、理论考核总成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组成绩优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组在学习兴趣激发、学习积极性与主动性提高、分析与解决问题能力提升、转化理论知识能力提升、对教学方案满意同意率上高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论目标式教学法在解剖学及组织胚胎学教学中的应用可提升学生考核成绩、成绩分布优良率,改善教学方式评价情况。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   PBL+TBL   实验教学  

摘要： 随着组织学与胚胎学教学改革的不断深入,为有效激发学生的学习兴趣,增强学习主动性,进而提升学生的实践能力,通过数字化资源库的建立、微课的应用、PBL+TBL教学法和多元化实验考核等实验教学改革措施,不断优化组织学与胚胎学课程体系。

关键词： TIR3   茎端分生组织   干细胞   胚胎发生   细胞分裂素   拟南芥  

摘要： 植物和动物的干细胞都有自我更新及分裂产生子细胞并形成新的组织和器官细胞的能力。在高等植物中,干细胞主要位于茎端分生组织和根端分生组织中。分生组织干细胞的细胞分裂导致植物生长过程中可以源源不断的产生新的组织和器官。茎端分生组织是由胚胎发生阶段起始,进而发育形成植物地上部分的组织和器官,因此研究植物茎端分生组织的发育过程至关重要。前期在筛选茎端分生组织发育异常的突变体时,我们鉴定到一个茎端分生组织相比野生型明显变大的T-DNA插入突变体,命名为big shoot meristem(bom1)。进而鉴定导致bom1突变体表型的功能缺失基因,并解析其介导茎端分生组织发育的分子机理。主要结果如下:(1)观察bom1突变体幼苗的表型,发现突变体的子叶及莲座叶的叶柄相比野生型明显变短,莲座叶变紧凑。而突变体的茎端分生组织和花序分生组织相比野生型明显变大,茎端产生了更多的莲座叶和花。通过T-DNA插入位点的鉴定,发现单一的T-DNA序列插入到了TRANSPORT INHIBlTOR RESPONSE 3(TIR3)基因(AT3G02260)中,导致该基因功能缺失,造成茎端分生组织变大。(2)为了研究TIR3基因调控茎端分生组织发育的机制,我们对bom1/tir3突变体和野生型中茎端分生组织特征基因的表达模式进行了分析。结果发现,TIR3基因功能缺失导致CLV3、WUS和STM表达信号的强度和表达范围在bom1/tir3突变体中都增大,从而引起突变体茎端分生组织变大的表型。(3)通过遗传学关系分析,发现TIR3通过抑制WUS及STM的表达来起作用。(4)在wus和stm突变体中,TIR3基因的表达量都是明显升高的;而在WUS和STM过量表达植株中,TIR3基因的表达量明显受到抑制。因此,WUS和STM也能抑制TIR3的表达。进而通过染色质免疫共沉淀实验分析发现,STM直接结合到TIR3基因的启动子上抑制TIR3的转录。TIR3与WUS和STM之间存在反馈调节,共同调控茎端分生组织的发育。(5)通过研究bom1/tir3突变体的胚胎发生过程发现,茎端分生组织的起始与野生型相比没有明显差别。因此,TIR3基因主要调控胚后茎端分生组织的维持。观察发现,突变体的胚相比野生型明显变小。统计胚胎细胞的大小和数目发现,突变体的胚变小是由于细胞分裂受到抑制导致的。而且,bom1/tir3突变体中细胞周期相关基因的表达也受到了抑制。由于胚胎发育受到抑制,因此突变体的成熟种子相比野生型也明显变小。(6)为分析TIR3基因调控胚胎发生的机理,利用转录组测序技术对受精后3天的bom1/tir3突变体和野生型的胚珠中的基因转录表达谱进行了比较分析。结果显示,突变体的胚珠中细胞分裂素合成基因IPT5的转录水平明显下降。而在突变体中过量表达IPT5基因,能够恢复突变体的胚和种子变小的表型,说明TIR3基因通过影响细胞分裂素的合成来调控胚胎发生和种子的发育。