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关键词： forebrain evolution   reptile   developmental regulatory genes   transcription factors   Lhx9   Emx1   Dlx2   RRID AB_10000340  

摘要： The comparison of gene expression patterns in the embryonic brain of mouse and chicken is being essential for understanding pallial organization. However, the scarcity of gene expression data in reptiles, crucial for understanding evolution, makes it difficult to identify homologues of pallial divisions in different amniotes. We cloned and analyzed the expression of the genes Emx1, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Tbr1 in the embryonic telencephalon of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. The comparative expression patterns of these genes, critical for pallial development, are better understood when using a recently proposed six-part model of pallial divisions. The lizard medial pallium, expressing all genes, includes the medial and dorsomedial cortices, and the majority of the dorsal cortex, except the region of the lateral cortical superposition. The latter is rich in Lhx9 expression, being excluded as a candidate of dorsal or lateral pallia, and may belong to a distinct dorsolateral pallium, which extends from rostral to caudal levels. Thus, the neocortex homolog cannot be found in the classical reptilian dorsal cortex, but perhaps in a small Emx1-expressing/Lhx9-negative area at the front of the telencephalon, resembling the avian hyperpallium. The ventral pallium, expressing Lhx9, but not Emx1, gives rise to the dorsal ventricular ridge and appears comparable to the avian nidopallium. We also identified a distinct ventrocaudal pallial sector comparable to the avian arcopallium and to part of the mammalian pallial amygdala. These data open new venues for understanding the organization and evolution of the pallium.

关键词： 动物组织学与胚胎学   双语教学   教学实践   学习兴趣   国际化人才  

摘要： 开展双语教学是培养国际化人才、实现我国高等教育与国际接轨的重要措施。文章结合'动物组织学与胚胎学'课程特点和笔者多年的教学体会,从教材选择、教学设计、评价机制等角度阐明:培养学生的学习兴趣是克服双语教学困难、提高双语教学质量的有效途径。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   信息化教学   考评体系  

摘要： 为改进传统组织学与胚胎学考试模式,调动学生学习的积极性和创造性,在苏州大学在线考试系统中,运用考易网络题库与考试系统进行组织学与胚胎学理论课知识的过程化考核、形成性评价,实验教学的切片考试。将多媒体技术及网络技术引入组织学与胚胎学的考试评价体系,对课程考试方式进行了改革尝试,增强了学生的学习能力,提高了教学质量。

关键词： 绘图技能   组织胚胎学实验教学   重要性  

摘要： 目的探讨在组织胚胎学实验教学中绘图技能的重要性。方法本次研究对象来源于我校2017年1—6月需学习组织胚胎学的临床医学专业本科五年制学生A班(43例)和B班(40例),A班采取常规教学教学法,B班注重培养学生绘图技能,比较两组考核成绩。结果B班理论成绩为(79.2±13.4)分,实验成绩为(17.2±3.2)分均高于A班,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在组织胚胎学实验教学中绘图技能十分重要,可增强学习效果。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   网络课程,自主性学习  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是重要的医学专业基础课程之一。网络课程的建设是目前医学教育改革的重要课题。本文探索组织学与胚胎学网络课程的建设及其在实际教学中的应用,将网络课程建设与课堂教学和培养学生能力相结合,以解决教学学时减少和满足学生知识量、信息量需求的矛盾,促进教学质量的提高和医学人才的培养,提供师生交流互动平台。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   实验评价   教学改革  

摘要： 以学生为中心,充分发挥学生的主动性、积极性和创造性,引导学生对当前所学知识进行自主的、有效的建构,使学生具备自我学习的能力,是建构主义理论的核心。在组织学与胚胎学的教学活动中,实验课占有很大比例。充分利用先进的教学设备,建立全方位,立体化的评价模式,才能满足新形势下教学改革的需要。因此,教师利用现代化的显微数码互动系统,可即时监测学生的学习活动,并给以客观评价;对传统的实验报告模式进行改进,让实验报告更加丰富生动;学期中间还利用网络资源进行形成性考试,检验学生对理论知识的掌握程度;期末则考核标本识别,对课程的全部内容进行综合考核。实践证明,新的评价体系已经取得了很好的效果。

关键词： 医学检验学   中医院校   组织学与胚胎学   教学改革  

摘要： 医学检验学是许多中医院校的重点招生专业,较之于其它医学专业,该专业具有特殊的知识需求和能力需求,如何针对该专业的特点调整组织学与胚胎学课程的教学方法、教学内容,拓展专业能力,对医学检验学专业本科生素质和能力的培养具有重要意义。通过连续多年的组织学与胚胎学课程的教学实践,积极调整理论课教学内容,强化实验操作环节,灵活运用多媒体、网络教学法以及案例分析教学法优化教学各环节,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 微课   组织胚胎学   实验教学  

摘要： 组织胚胎学是重要的医学基础课程,实验教学是其重要教学环节,而在实验课上通过观察大量的切片、标本进行组织结构的学习是本学科的特色,传统实验课单一枯燥,不利于学生学习,现将微课应用于组织胚胎学实验教学中,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力,提高人才培养质量。

关键词： culture   intestine   longitudinal   mesenchyme   microarray   organ  

摘要： An ex vivo experimental strategy that replicates in vivo intestinal development would in theory provide an accessible setting with which to study normal and dysmorphic gut biology. The current authors recently described a system in which mouse embryonic jejunal segments were explanted onto semipermeable platforms and fed with chemically defined serum-free media. Over 3 days in organ culture, explants formed villi and they began to undergo spontaneous peristalsis. As defined in the current study, the wall of the explanted gut failed to form a robust longitudinal smooth muscle (SM) layer as it would do in vivo over the same time period. Given the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) in SM differentiation in other organs, it was hypothesized that exogenous TGF beta 1 would enhance SM differentiation in these explants. In vivo, TGF beta receptors I and II were both detected in embryonic longitudinal jejunal SM cells and, in organ culture, exogenous TGF beta 1 induced robust differentiation of longitudinal SM. Microarray profiling showed that TGF beta 1 increased SM specific transcripts in a dose dependent manner. TGF beta 1 proteins were detected in amniotic fluid at a time when the intestine was physiologically herniated. By analogy with the requirement for exogenous TGF beta 1 for SM differentiation in organ culture, the TGF beta 1 protein that was demonstrated to be present in the amniotic fluid may enhance intestinal development when it is physiologically herniated in early gestation. Future studies of embryonic intestinal cultures should include TGF beta 1 in the defined media to produce a more faithful model of in vivo muscle differentiation. Copyright (c) 2017 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

关键词： early embryo development   reprogramming   single-cell differentiation   single-cell genome dynamics   self-organization   autonomous self-organized criticality   genome avalanche   statistical thermodynamics   critical transition state  

摘要： A statistical mechanical mean-field approach to the temporal development of biological regulation provides a phenomenological, but basic description of the dynamical behavior of genome expression in terms of autonomous self-organization with a critical transition (Self-Organized Criticality: SOC). This approach reveals the basis of self-regulation/organization of genome expression, where the extreme complexity of living matter precludes any strict mechanistic approach. The self-organization in SOC involves two critical behaviors: scaling-divergent behavior (genome avalanche) and sandpile-type critical behavior. Genome avalanche patternscompetition between order (scaling) and disorder (divergence) reflect the opposite sequence of events characterizing the self-organization process in embryo development and helper T17 terminal cell differentiation, respectively. On the other hand, the temporal development of sandpile-type criticality (the degree of SOC control) in mouse embryo suggests the existence of an SOC control landscape with a critical transition state (i.e., the erasure of zygote-state criticality). This indicates that a phase transition of the mouse genome before and after reprogramming (immediately after the late 2-cell state) occurs through a dynamical change in a control parameter. This result provides a quantitative open-thermodynamic appreciation of the still largely qualitative notion of the epigenetic landscape. Our results suggest: (i) the existence of coherent waves of condensation/de-condensation in chromatin, which are transmitted across regions of different gene-expression levels along the genome;and (ii) essentially the same critical dynamics we observed for cell-differentiation processes exist in overall RNA expression during embryo development, which is particularly relevant because it gives further proof of SOC control of overall expression as a universal feature.