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关键词： 复旦大学附属中山医院   骨科医师   学术   论坛   中西医结合学会   专业委员会   医学杂志   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 由复旦大学附属中山医院骨科、上海市中西医结合学会骨伤科专业委员会、上海医师协会骨科医师分会关节工作组、中国临床医学杂志主办，上海医学会创伤专业委员会、上海市医学会骨科分会脊柱学组、复旦大学基础医学院解剖与组织胚胎学系、中华骨科杂志、中华创伤杂志、中国脊柱脊髓杂志协办的第四届中山骨科论坛学术周将于2018年4月11—15日举行。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   科技人物   名词   教学  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是医学、动物医学、动物科学等专业本科生的一门专业基础课程,其内容涉及许多人名类名词。在教学中,如能适当介绍其来龙去脉,引入相关科技史,对提升课堂教学的趣味性,调动和激发学生的学习兴趣和动力都很有好处。近年来本室整理了相关资料并在多个期班进行了教学实践,取得良好效果。在前文基础上,本文简介了各器官系统组织学及早期胚胎发育涉及的主要科技人物和名词,供相关教学人员参考。

关键词： mini-organ   organoid   symmetry   symmetry-breaking   synthetic biology   synthetic morphology  

摘要： The anatomy of healthy humans shows much minor variation, and twin-studies reveal at least some of this variation cannot be explained genetically. A plausible explanation is that fine-scale anatomy is not specified directly in a genetic programme, but emerges from self-organizing behaviours of cells that, for example, place a new capillary where it happens to be needed to prevent local hypoxia. Self-organizing behaviour can be identified by manipulating growing tissues (e.g. putting them under a spatial constraint) and observing an adaptive change that conserves the character of the normal tissue while altering its precise anatomy. Self-organization can be practically useful in tissue engineering but it is limited;generally, it is good for producing realistic small-scale anatomy but large-scale features will be missing. This is because self-organizing organoids miss critical symmetry-breaking influences present in the embryo: simulating these artificially, for example, with local signal sources, makes anatomy realistic even at large scales. A growing understanding of the mechanisms of self-organization is now allowing synthetic biologists to take their first tentative steps towards constructing artificial multicellular systems that spontaneously organize themselves into patterns, which may soon be extended into three-dimensional shapes.

关键词： Rhesus macaque   Keratinocytes   Tooth tissue engineering   Ameloblasts   Stem cell  

摘要： Fast progresses in stem cell-based tooth tissue engineering have been achieved in recent years in several animal models including the mouse, rat, dog, and pig. Moreover, various postnatal mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin have been isolated and shown capable of differentiating into odontoblasts and generating dentin. Meanwhile, human keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells, gingival epithelial cells, and even iPSC-derived epithelium have been demonstrated to be able to differentiate into functional ameloblasts. Translational medicine studies in the nonhuman primate are irreplaceable steps towards clinical application of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy. In the present study, we first examined the epithelial stem cell markers in the rhesus skin using immunostaining. Keratinocyte stem cells were then isolated from rhesus epidermis, cultured in vitro, and characterized by epithelial stem cell markers. Epithelial sheets of these cultured keratinocytes, which were recombined with E13.5 mouse dental mesenchyme that possesses odontogenic potential in the presence of exogenous FGF8, were induced to differentiate into enamel-secreting ameloblasts. Our results demonstrate that in the presence of appropriate odontogenic signals, rhesus keratinocytes can be induced to gain odontogenic competence and are capable of participating in odontogenesis, indicating that rhesus keratinocytes are an ideal epithelial cell source for further translational medicine study of tooth tissue engineering in nonhuman primates.

关键词： Slow myofibers   Myomesin-3-RFP   Hsp90 alpha 1   CRISPR/Cas9   NgAgo  

摘要： Zebrafish embryonic slow muscle cells, with their superficial localization and clear sarcomere organization, provide a useful model system for genetic analysis of muscle cell differentiation and sarcomere assembly. To develop a quick assay for testing CRISPR-mediated gene editing in slow muscles of zebrafish embryos, we targeted a red fluorescence protein (RFP) reporter gene specifically expressed in slow muscles of myomesin-3-RFP (Myom3-RFP) zebrafish embryos. We demonstrated that microinjection of RFP-sgRNA with Cas9 protein or Cas9 mRNA resulted in a mosaic pattern in loss of RFP expression in slow muscle fibers of the injected zebrafish embryos. To uncover gene functions in sarcomere organization, we targeted two endogenous genes, slow myosin heavy chain-1 (smyhc1) and heat shock protein 90 alpha 1 (hsp90 alpha 1), which are specifically expressed in zebrafish muscle cells. We demonstrated that injection of Cas9 protein or mRNA with respective sgRNAs targeted to smyhc1 or hsp90a1 resulted in a mosaic pattern of myosin thick filament disruption in slow myofibers of the injected zebrafish embryos. Moreover, Myom3-RFP expression and M-line localization were also abolished in these defective myofibers. Given that zebrafish embryonic slow muscles are a rapid in vivo system for testing genome editing and uncovering gene functions in muscle cell differentiation, we investigated whether microinjection of Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo) system could induce genetic mutations and muscle defects in zebrafish embryos. Single-strand guide DNAs targeted to RFP, Smyhc1, or Hsp90 alpha 1 were injected with NgAgo mRNA into Myom3-RFP zebrafish embryos. Myom3-RFP expression was analyzed in the injected embryos. The results showed that, in contrast to the CRISPR/Cas9 system, injection of the NgAgo-gDNA system did not affect Myom3-RFP expression and sarcomere organization in myofibers of the injected embryos. Sequence analysis failed to detect genetic mutations at the tar

关键词： Cell death  

摘要： Coal mining is one of the economic activities with the greatest impact on environmental quality. At all stages contaminants are released as particulates such as coal dust. The first aim of this study was to obtain an aqueous coal dust extract and characterize its composition in terms of trace elements by ICP-MS. In addition, the developmental toxicity of the aqueous coal extract was evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to different concentrations (0-1000 ppm;g mL(-1)) to establish acute toxicity, morphology and transcriptome changes. Trace elements within the aqueous coal dust extract present at the highest concentrations (>10 ppb) included Sr, Zn, Ba, As, Cu and Se. In addition, Cd and Pb were found in lower concentrations. No significant difference in mortality was observed (p > 0.05), but a delay in hatching was found at 0.1 and 1000 ppm (p < 0.05). No significant differences in morphological characteristics were observed in any of the treatment groups (p > 0.05). Transcriptomic results of zebrafish larvae revealed alterations in 77, 61 and 1376 genes in the 1, 10, and 100 ppm groups, respectively. Gene ontology analysis identified gene alterations associated with the development and function of connective tissue and the hematological system, as well as pathways associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, transcription, and oxidative stress including the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, altered genes were associated with cancer;connective tissue, muscular, and skeletal disorders;and immunological and inflammatory diseases. Overall, this is the first study to characterize gene expression alterations in response to developmental exposure to aqueous coal dust residue from coal mining with transcriptome results signifying functions and systems to target in future studies.

关键词： 系统解剖与组织胚胎学   教学质量   提高  

摘要： 系统解剖与组织胚胎学是高职护理专业的一门专业基础课程,依据该课程的性质和目标,作者从教师、学生、校内外实训基地三方面提出教学设计改革,以期提高系统解剖与组织胚胎学的教学质量。

关键词： 山杏   愈伤组织   体细胞胚胎   组织学观察  

摘要： 为了建立山杏体细胞胚胎发生再生体系,以山杏茎尖为外植体,研究山杏体细胞胚胎发生及其主要影响因子。结果表明:山杏茎尖在MS+6-BA(0.5 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)培养基中愈伤组织诱导率达100%,胚性愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5 mg/L)+2,4-D(0.2 mg/L)+水解酪蛋白(0.5 g/L)。山杏体细胞胚胎发生过程中能明显看出球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚等阶段。

关键词： 复旦大学附属中山医院   骨科医师   学术   论坛   中西医结合学会   专业委员会   医学杂志   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 由复旦大学附属中山医院骨科、上海市中西医结合学会骨伤科专业委员会、上海医师协会骨科医师分会关节工作组、中国临床医学杂志主办，上海医学会创伤专业委员会、上海市医学会骨科分会脊柱学组、复旦大学基础医学院解剖与组织胚胎学系、中华骨科杂志、中华创伤杂志、中国脊柱脊髓杂志协办的第四届中山骨科论坛学术周将于2018年4月11—15日举行。