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关键词： 医学生   培养   执业医师考试   组织学   教学   改革  

摘要： 医学生的培养要与国家执业医师考试接轨,原有的职业医师资格考试只在医学生毕业一年后进行,改革后的执业医师资格考试则分实习前和毕业后两次进行。为了让医学生更好的适应改革后的执业医师考试,在组织学教学中进行了以下教学改革:修订教学大纲时参考其他学科教学大纲,注意内容的衔接和互补;以执业医师考试为导向,理论授课中加强学科交叉知识点的讲解;实行学科联合集体备课制,对知识点的要求达到共识;以执业医师考题为基础,建立新的模拟及考试题库;考前进行讲座式巡讲。通过以上措施的实施,学生反映良好,并有效助力了现行的执业医师资格考试。

关键词： 教授法   PBL   CBL   混合式教学方法  

摘要： 为了提高临床医学本科学生的教学质量,我们在组织学与胚胎学教学中采用了为教学内容定制的分段式混合教学模式。结果发现:PBL对培养分析问题解决问题的能力、团队合作能力、创新能力和提高学习效果4项指标都表现出强劲的优势; CBL能够最大限度地提高学习兴趣和学习效率;而微课与反转课堂却对培养自主学习能力最好。LBL+微课与反转课堂的教学模式最受学生推崇,LBL+PBL+CBL教学模式次之,仅仅教师讲授的教学模式最不受欢迎。

关键词： 组织胚胎学   多媒体教学   设计   制作  

摘要： 组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的形态学课程,培养学生的学习兴趣、提高教学质量,是教学中的关键。多媒体课件充分利用视觉信息,展示丰富的形态学知识,是教学过程中很有效的辅助手段之一。本文从多媒体课件内容的设计、知识框架的建立,到课件制作过程中文字、图片、动画、教学视频,以及英文专业术语等方面具体细节的处理,最后到多媒体课件应用过程中的注意事项,谈了一些看法和体会。在课件制作过程中,这些细节的把握,使这门形态学学科在教与学的过程中,由抽象变得直观,由困难变得简单,从而提高教学质量。

关键词： Biochemistry   Chromatin   DNA   Epigenetics  

摘要： Nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin that help the packaging of genetic material while controlling access to the genetic information. The underlying DNA sequence, together with transcription-associated proteins and chromatin remodelling complexes, are important factors that influence the organization of nucleosomes. Here, we show that the naturally occurring DNA modification, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) is linked to tissue-specific nucleosome organization. Our study reveals that 5fC is associated with increased nucleosome occupancy in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that 5fC-associated nucleosomes at enhancers in the mammalian hindbrain and heart are linked to elevated gene expression. Our study also reveals the formation of a reversible-covalent Schiff base linkage between lysines of histone proteins and 5fC within nucleosomes in a cellular environment. We define their specific genomic loci in mouse embryonic stem cells and look into the biological consequences of these DNA-histone Schiff base sites. Collectively, our findings show that 5fC is a determinant of nucleosome organization and plays a role in establishing distinct regulatory regions that control transcription.

关键词： Bioengineering   Biology and life sciences   Biotechnology   Developmental biology   Embryogenesis   Embryology   Embryos   Engineering and technology   Eukaryota   Flowers   Fluorescence imaging   Fruit and seed anatomy   Genetic engineering   Genetically modified organisms   Genetically modified plants   Imaging techniques   Leaves   Organisms   Plant anatomy   Plant biotechnology   Plant cotyledon   Plant development   Plant embryo anatomy   Plant embryogenesis   Plant growth and development   Plant science   Plants   Research and analysis methods   Research Article  

摘要： Theobroma cacao, the source of cocoa, is a crop of particular importance in many developing countries. Availability of elite planting material is a limiting factor for increasing productivity of Theobroma cacao;therefore, the development of new strategies for clonal propagation is essential to improve farmers' incomes and to meet increasing global demand for cocoa. To develop a more efficient embryogenesis system for cacao, tissue was transformed with a transgene encoding a fusion of Leafy Cotyledon 2 (TcLEC2) to a glucocorticoid receptor domain (GR) to control nuclear localization of the protein. Upon application of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex), downstream targets of LEC2 involved in seed-development were up-regulated and somatic embryos (SEs) were successfully regenerated from TcLEC2-GR transgenic flower and leaf tissue in large numbers. Immature SEs regenerated from TcLEC2-GR leaves were smaller in size than immature SEs from floral tissue, suggesting a different ontogenetic origin. Additionally, exposure of TcLEC2-GR floral explants to dex increased the number of SEs compared to floral explants from control, non-transgenic trees or from TcLEC2-GR floral explants not treated with dex. Testing different durations of exposure to dex indicated that a three-day treatment produced optimal embryo regeneration. Leaf derived SEs were successfully grown to maturity, converted into plants, and established in the greenhouse, demonstrating that these embryos are fully developmentally competent. In summary, we demonstrate that regulating TcLEC2 activity offers a powerful new strategy for optimizing somatic embryogenesis pipelines for cacao.

关键词： 动物组织学与胚胎学   开放性实验   实践能力   创新能力   自主试验  

摘要： 为了全面提高＂动物组织学与胚胎学＂的教学质量,培养学生的实践动手能力和创新能力,通过开展开放性实验,充分利用教学资源,发挥了学生的主体作用,激发了学生的学习兴趣,效果较好。文章就开放性实验在动物组织学与胚胎学教学中的应用及体会进行简要概述。

关键词： PBL   教学法   组织胚胎学  

摘要： 探讨PBL教学法在组织胚胎学传统教学中的应用效果。方法:选取我院2015级临床医学专业学生200人,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各100例。对照组实施传统教学方法,研究组在组织胚胎学传统教学中引入PBL教学法,比较两组学生组织胚胎学期末考试成绩与对教学方法的满意度。结果:研究组学生期末考试成绩整体高于对照组,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组教学满意度为96.00%,对照组教学满意度为88.00%,研究组高于对照组,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在组织胚胎学传统教学中引入PBL教学法可以提高教学质量,让学生们对教学方法更加满意。

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学改革   答题游戏   互联网   精准教学  

摘要： 学好组织学与胚胎学除了要掌握很多知识点,还要求学生对结构有一定的识别能力。"互联网+"时代为开发更高效的组织胚胎学教学模式提供契机。文章提出了通过利用互联网平台,将答题类游戏用于辅助组织胚胎学教学工作的设想,希望可以提高学生的学习兴趣,巩固知识点,锻炼组织结构的识别能力,同时加强教师对学生学习情况的掌握,进而促进精准教学。