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关键词： augmented reality   Neuroanatomy  

摘要： The article offers information on an optional 1-hour neuroanatomy augmented reality (AR)-enhanced teaching sessions offered to a group of 16 first-year medical students. Topics covered include the problems that were addressed by the sessions, the benefits of AR such as allowing for direct student-to-instructor interactions, and the lessons that were learned from implementing the sessions taught by a fourth-yearmedical student teaching assistant.

关键词： cardiac pain   myocardial ischemia   referred pain   convergence  

摘要： Cardiac pain is usually manifested as a crushing, squeezing, or sensation of pressure in the center of the chest. The pain can be referred to the left shoulder, neck, jaw, and epigastric region as well as the temporomandibular region, paranasal sinuses, and head in general. Although not well understood, during myocardial ischemia, the process of cardiac referred pain to craniofacial structures can be explained by the convergence of visceral and somatic relays at the trigeminal nucleus in the brain stem. The goal of this article is to review the possible pathways for referred jaw pain due to myocardial ischemia. Clin. Anat. 32:476-479, 2019. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Carpal tunnel syndrome   Carpal tunnel release   Median nerve   High frequency ultrasound   Arthroscopy  

摘要： Background: Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) has been gradually adopted for the treatment of severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, perioperative assessment of neuroanatomical parameters of median nerve, which are important determinant of median nerve recovery, has rarely been reported. This one-year prospective study aimed to investigate the natural history of the neuroanatomical morphology of the median nerve after ECTR in severe CTS patients by high-frequency ultrasonography and assess the ability of neuroanatomical measures to quantify morphological recovery of the median nerve after ECTR. Methods: This study recruited 31 patients (44 wrists) with a definitive diagnosis of severe CTS and underwent ECTR operation. The edema length (EL) of median nerve from the inlet of the carpal tunnel to the proximal wrist was detected on long axis imaging plane and the anteroposterior diameter (D) and cross-sectional area (CSA) at the inlet of the carpal tunnel on short axis imaging plane were detected by high frequency ultrasound. All these metrics were detected at 3 days before surgery and at the 2nd week, 4th week, 3rd month, 6th month and 12th month after surgery separately. Results: There was no significant difference of each parameter between the 2-week postoperative (1.914 +/- 0.598 cm in EL, 0.258 +/- 0.039 cm in D and 0.138 +/- 0.015 cm(2) in CSA) and 3-days preoperative time points (P-EL = 0.250;P-D = 0.125;P-CSA = 0.712). From the fourth week to the third month after surgery, the parameters quickly improved. The EL (0.715 +/- 0.209 cm), D (0.225 +/- 0.017 cm) and CSA (0.117 +/- 0.012 cm(2)) at the 3-month postoperative time points were more reduced than at the fourth week after surgery (P-EL < 0.001;P-D = 0.038;P-CSA = 0.014). Thereafter, the neurological anatomy parameters recovered slowly. By the 12-month postoperative time points, the three parameters were neuroanatomically close to normal. Compared to the control group in D (0.213 +/- 0.005 cm), th

关键词： Ecdysozoa   Nervous system   Nerve cord   Morphology   Scalidophora   Segmentation  

摘要： BackgroundThe Scalidophora (Kinorhyncha, Loricifera and Priapulida) have an important phylogenetic position as early branching ecdysozoans, yet the architecture of their nervous organ systems is notably underinvestigated. Without such information, and in the absence of a stable phylogenetic context, we are inhibited from producing adequate hypotheses about the evolution and diversification of ecdysozoan nervous systems. Here, we utilize confocal laser scanning microscopy to characterize serotonergic, tubulinergic and FMRFamidergic immunoreactivity patterns in a comparative neuroanatomical study with three species of Echinoderes, the most speciose, abundant and diverse genus within *** in Echinoderes as revealed by acetylated -tubulin immunoreactivity includes a circumpharyngeal brain and ten neurite bundles in the head region that converge into five longitudinal nerves within the trunk. The ventral nerve cord is ganglionated, emerging from the brain with two connectives that converge in trunk segments 2-3, and diverge again within segment 8. The longitudinal nerves and ventral nerve cord are connected by two transverse neurites in segments 2-9. Differences among species correlate with the number, position and innervation of cuticular structures along the body. Patterns of serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic immunoreactivity correlate with the position of the brain neuropil and the ventral nerve cord. Distinct serotonergic and FMRFamidergic somata are associated with the brain neuropil and specific trunk segments along the ventral nerve *** architecture is highly conserved across all three species, suggesting that our results reveal a pattern that is common to more than 40% of the species within Kinorhyncha. The nervous system of Echinoderes is segmented along most of the trunk;however, posterior trunk segments exhibit modifications that are likely associated with sensorial, motor or reproductive functions. Although all kin

关键词： 人体解剖学   德育教育   渗透  

摘要： 当前,医患关系受到人们的密切关注,医风医德成了舆论热点。医学教育的根本目标是为社会发展提供优质的医护人才,使其具有高尚的品质,更好地为我国发展服务。人体解剖学是一门医学类必修的课程,将德育教育渗透到其中,从源头对学生加强医德教育,进而增强学生综合素养。对此,本文着重分析人体解剖学教学现状,论述人体解剖学教学中德育教育渗透的意义,提出人体解剖学教学中德育教育渗透的策略。

关键词： 人体解剖学   卫生学校   教学方法  

摘要： 新时代背景下,深入开展人体解剖课教学创新尝试和改革探索,是当前的首要和迫切任务。寻求新时代卫生学校人体解剖学教学新路径,应从更新新时代教育理念,适应网络新媒体的挑战,构建整合式课程教学模式,融合新教法,建立形成性考核评价体系入手。