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关键词： 运动解剖  

ISBN: (数字)9787534994456 ISBN: (纸本)9787534994456

摘要： 《运动解剖学：第3版》主要是为那些体育领域工作者创作的，是学习结构解剖及其如何影响运动的最好资料。本书通过系统地整合人体的各个构成部分：骨、韧带、连接和肌肉，以及分布于肌肉的神经和血管，为读者提供肌肉骨骼解剖学的完整概念。本书的独特之处在于它涵盖了脑、心、肺，以及神经、心血管和呼吸系统等结构如何服务于人体运动。其他基本功能也有助于本书成为学习和教授人体解剖学的宝贵工具。本版增加了详细的头部局部解剖内容。包含更多相关肌肉和运动单位的信息，有助于开阔特定运动潜能的视野。拓展了关于关节、肌力、肌肉功能、杠杆和锻炼等问题的讨论，为理解人体构造提供支撑。新增的功能性运动练习和动手体验，为学生提供了识别特定解剖结构的良机。

摘要： Aim Our aim was to characterize the sensory processing outcome following neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) and identify neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal sensory processing. Method We evaluated children with NAIS longitudinally at 12 months, 18 months, and/or 30 months in areas of cognitive, motor, and language development. We gathered sensory processing data using the Sensory Profile-2 Caregiver Questionnaire. These data were analyzed against early magnetic resonance imaging using a voxel-based approach. Results Eighteen children (10 males, 8 females) with NAIS were evaluated longitudinally, of which six exhibited atypical sensory processing. Children with sensory processing deficits had lower overall developmental scores in motor, cognitive, and language domains. Neuroanatomical correlates were identified in the posterior periventricular white matter extending superiorly into the supramarginal gyrus, and inferiorly into the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri. Interpretation Our results provide new evidence that children with NAIS may experience difficulty processing sensory information, which is most likely associated with injuries in the posterior periventricular white matter, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and posterior thalamic radiation.

关键词： 中医学与中药学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030613738

摘要： 《推拿解剖学》为普通高等教育“十三五”规划教材及全国高等中医药院校推拿专业系列教材之一，供推拿学专业学生使用，由全国约20所高等院校的一线专家共同编写完成。《推拿解剖学》分为总论和上、中、下三篇。总论对中、西解剖学的发展简史进行了梳理和对比，并对“推拿解剖学”的定义和课程学习进行了介绍；上篇为伤科推拿解剖学基础，系统地介绍了骨骼肌、脊柱、脊髓、头颈、肩背、上肢、腰骶、骨盆和下肢的解剖学及其伤科推拿常用穴位解剖学基础；中篇为脏腑推拿解剖学基础，对胸腹和相关脏器的解剖，以及体腔的发生、内脏神经及其与脏腑推拿常用穴位的解剖进行了介绍；下篇为小儿推拿解剖学基础，对小儿解剖和体格发育特点、小儿的运动系统，特别是脊柱解剖、小儿的内脏解剖学、内分泌系统和感受器及神经系统的解剖学进行了详细的介绍。《推拿解剖学》紧密结合推拿学科的临床发展需要，对脏腑推拿和小儿推拿及盆底康复的相关解剖生理学、胚胎发育等内容进行了较为详尽的介绍；同时还介绍了相关最新研究成果和进展与推拿临床的关系，以及常用推拿穴位的解剖结构与体表触诊等内容。

关键词： Language learning   Lexicon   Grammar   Meta-analysis   Declarative memory   Procedural memory  

摘要： Language learning as an adult, though often difficult, is quite common. Nevertheless, the neural substrates of this process remain unclear, even though identifying them should clarify how language is learned and could lead to improved success at this endeavor. We addressed this gap by conducting multiple neuroanatomical meta-analyses to synthesize the functional neuroimaging literature of language learning. We focused on learning lexical and grammatical knowledge, two building blocks of language. Lexical and grammatical learning yielded overlapping activation in frontal (e.g., BA 44/45) and posterior parietal regions. Only lexical learning showed ventral occipito-temporal (ventral stream) activation, while only grammatical learning showed basal ganglia (anterior caudate/putamen) activation. To further elucidate the neurocognition of grammar learning, we also tested specific predictions of the declarative/procedural model of language. Consistent with the model, grammar learning predicted to rely especially on declarative memory (e.g., with explicit training) showed hippocampal involvement, while grammar learning predicted to rely particularly on procedural memory (e.g., with implicit training) showed anterior caudate/putamen involvement. Finally, given the prevalence of research on artificial grammars, we performed separate analyses of artificial grammar and non-artificial grammar (e.g., miniature language) paradigms. These yielded overlapping activation, especially in BA 44, underscoring the validity of artificial grammars as models for grammar learning in natural languages. In sum, the study elucidates the empirical and theoretical landscape of language learning and has applied implications.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   Posterior cortical atrophy   Dementia   Music   Memory   fMRI  

摘要： Background: Memory for music has attracted much recent interest in Alzheimer's disease but the underlying brain mechanisms have not been defined in patients directly. Here we addressed this issue in an Alzheimer's disease cohort using activation fMRI of two core musical memory systems. Methods: We studied 34 patients with younger onset Alzheimer's disease led either by episodic memory decline (typical Alzheimer's disease) or by visuospatial impairment (posterior cortical atrophy) in relation to 19 age-matched healthy individuals. We designed a novel fMRI paradigm based on passive listening to melodies that were either previously familiar or unfamiliar (musical semantic memory) and either presented singly or repeated (incidental musical episodic memory). Results: Both syndromic groups showed significant functional neuroanatomical alterations relative to the healthy control group. For musical semantic memory, disease-associated activation group differences were localised to right inferior frontal cortex (reduced activation in the group with memory-led Alzheimer's disease);while for incidental musical episodic memory, disease-associated activation group differences were localised to precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (abnormally enhanced activation in the syndromic groups). In post-scan behavioural testing, both patient groups had a deficit of musical episodic memory relative to healthy controls whereas musical semantic memory was unimpaired. Conclusions: Our findings define functional neuroanatomical substrates for the differential involvement of musical semantic and incidental episodic memory in major phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. The complex dynamic profile of brain activation group differences observed suggests that musical memory may be an informative probe of neural network function in Alzheimer's disease. These findings may guide the development of future musical interventions in dementia. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： 思维导图   高职   人体解剖学   组织胚胎学   教学应用  

摘要： 思维导图是一种组织性思维工具,将其应用在教学活动中,可以激发学习兴趣,在有限时间内掌握更多知识。本文首先指出思维导图应用在教学中的价值,然后阐述了在高职人体解剖学、组织胚胎学教学中的应用,最后结合教学实例进行分析,以供参考。

关键词： 解剖学   实验教学   数字化虚拟人体解剖系统  

摘要： 人体解剖学作为一门重要的医学基础课程,隶属于形态学范畴,实验教学尤为重要。既往实验教学因大体标本资源短缺、传统解剖图谱缺乏立体感等原因,限制其发展。在信息化技术快速发展的今天,尤其是"数字人"解剖系统的诞生对于解剖学实验教学具有重要意义。通过数字人体解剖系统在解剖学实验教学中的实践应用,发现其能有效缓解大体标本资源短缺,丰富实验教学模式,提升解剖实验教学质量,可广泛应用于人体解剖学实验教学。