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关键词： 体育专业   运动解剖学   教学现状   建议  

摘要： 运用文献资料法、调查法和教学实践对目前运动解剖学教学现状进行分析探讨,旨在为新时期运动解剖学课程在高校的教学工作提供一些建议。研究发现:课时量减少与教材内容繁多,师资队伍落后与培养高质量体育人才,理论教学与实验教学等之间的矛盾日益突出。编制合理教学大纲和制定合理教学内容,加强师资队伍建设及加强实验教学和理论教学之间的联系成为解决这些矛盾的关键。

关键词： 针灸   整体观念   辨证论治   解剖学   生物力学   脊柱整体观  

摘要： 结合解剖学和生物力学的观点,以颈椎病、腰椎病为例,总结以颈肩腰腿痛为主诉者的脊柱整体观治疗思路。认为从脊柱整体观的角度,可找到与经络系统相一致的基本概念,此观点可用于指导针灸诊治疾病。并举验案4则。

关键词： 版面费   编辑部   《解剖学研究》  

摘要： 近来,我刊编辑部通过网络搜索发现有一些中介网站发布我刊虚假征稿和收取本刊版面费信息;有些不法分子盗用本刊电子邮箱,冒用本刊的名义发送采稿通知,收取审稿费或版面费;我们也接到多位作者电话说收到本刊拟刊用论文版面费寄给北京等某地的通知,上述情况实属不良行为而从中谋利。

关键词： 前交叉韧带重建   胫骨止点   解剖   有限元   生物力学  

摘要： 目的:解剖研究大体观察膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)胫骨止点的形态,并利用有限元分析软件分析ACL的力学止点分布,为临床ACL重建提供新理念。方法:选取10例新鲜成人膝关节标本,男6例,女4例,采取标准髌旁内侧入路打开关节腔,暴露并解剖剔除ACL,观察并记录ACL胫骨止点形态,测量胫骨止点前后径和左右径。利用三维重建软件MIMICS及有限元分析软件ANSYS建立膝关节模型,模拟临床体格检查Lachman试验和pivot-shift试验,观察ACL在胫骨和股骨端止点的受力分布情况。结果: ACL胫骨致密止点大体观呈扁长的弧形,其前后径为(13.8±2.0) mm,体部左右径为(5.3±0.6) mm,前缘左右径为(11.5±1.2) mm。有限元分析显示,股骨端应力较高区域为住院医师嵴(residents’ ridge)附近一类椭圆形区域,胫骨端应力较高部分延内侧髁间嵴(medial intercondylar ridge)狭长分布,与解剖观察相符,从理论上验证了ACL止点的生物力学分布特点。结论:解剖研究及有限元分析均证实ACL胫骨止点为一扁长的弧形,理想的ACL重建技术应依据其生物力学特点进行重建,基于解剖学研究和生物力学分析本课题组提出前交叉韧带生物力学止点重建理念,并建立手术模型。

关键词： 正中神经   解剖学   返支   临床意义  

摘要： 目的为避免腕掌部鱼际区近端手术切口损伤正中神经返支提供解剖学资料。方法对30例成人上肢标本(16例为甲醛固定标本,14例为新鲜冷冻标本)进行解剖,测量正中神经返支起点的位置、返支与正中神经主干纵轴的夹角、返支第一分叉点位置、浅支和深支分支分布,并观察其与大鱼际区近、中、远三个区域的位置关系。结果46.7%的正中神经返支主干的发出点位于鱼际区近1/3区域,52.3%位于鱼际区中1/3区域,正中神经返支从正中神经主干发出后,以与正中神经主干平均48.6°(20°-70°)的角度向近橈侧行进,56.7%的正中神经返支在近1/3区域发出深、浅两个分支,43.3%在中1/3区域发出深、浅分支;96.7%的深支及其分支和56.7%的浅支及其分支分布在近1/3区域内。结论正中神经返支及其终末分支主要分布于鱼际区近1/3区域,任何在此区域的手术操作都要注意避免损伤。

关键词： 人体解剖学   中等专业学校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787564368968

摘要： 本教材的编写以教材《解剖学基础》为蓝本，以国家护士资格考试大纲和甘肃省三校生（中职生、技校生、职业高中生）护理专业考试大纲为依据，紧密结合全国中等卫生职业教育“双证书”人才培养规划教材《解剖学基础》展开项目教学。全书共分十二章，内容涵盖细胞、基本组织、人体九大系统等。各章节设有“学习目标”“学习模块”“学习小结”“项目实训”“项目测试”等模块，条理清晰、重点突出、理实结合、难易适中，能有效帮助学生有效掌握重点、突破难点，取得更好的学习效果。

关键词： undergraduate education   medical education   neuroanatomy   undergraduate neuroscience   student engagement   innovative teaching   technology enhanced learning  

摘要： Undergraduates often perceive neuroscience to be a challenging discipline. As the scope of neuroscience continues to expand, it is important to provide undergraduates with sufficient opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills with the aim of encouraging the future generation of basic and clinical neuroscientists. Through our experience of developing the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC), we have accrued an extensive volume of performance data and subjective insight into the delivery of undergraduate neuroanatomy education, which has the potential to inform how to better engage students within this field. More broadly, our group has implemented a technology enhanced learning platform alongside a peer-assisted teaching program. These achieve the dual purpose of compensating for the reduction in dedicated neuroanatomy teaching hours and encouraging undergraduates to develop an interest in the neurosciences. Here, we consider how improving the learning experience at an undergraduate level encourages further engagement in the neurosciences and the importance of this within the wider neuroscience community.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   Functional impairment   Activities of daily living   Technology-activities of daily living questionnaire  

摘要： BackgroundImpairments in activities of daily living (ADL) are a criterion for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, ADL gradually decline in AD, impacting on advanced (a-ADL, complex interpersonal or social functioning), instrumental (IADL, maintaining life in community), and finally basic functions (BADL, activities related to physiological and self-maintenance needs). Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become an increasingly important aspect of daily functioning. Yet, the links of ADL, ICT, and neuropathology of AD dementia are poorly understood. Such knowledge is critical as it can provide biomarker evidence of functional decline in *** were evaluated with the Technology-Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (T-ADLQ) in 33 patients with AD and 30 controls. ADL were divided in BADL, IADL, and a-ADL. The three domain subscores were covaried against gray matter atrophy via voxel-based *** results showed that three domain subscores of ADL correlate with several brain structures, with a varying degree of overlap between them. BADL score correlated mostly with frontal atrophy, IADL with more widespread frontal, temporal and occipital atrophy and a-ADL with occipital and temporal atrophy. Finally, ICT subscale was associated with atrophy in the *** association between ADL domains and neurodegeneration in AD follows a traceable neuropathological pathway which involves different neural networks. This the first evidence of ADL phenotypes in AD characterised by specific patterns of functional decline and well-defined neuropathological changes. The identification of such phenotypes can yield functional biomarkers for dementias such as AD.

关键词： 3D animation   3D scanning   Extended reality   Photogrammetry   Structured light scanning   Surgical neuroanatomy  

摘要： BACKGROUND: Visuospatial features of neuroanatomy are likely the most difficult concepts to learn in anatomy. Three-dimensional (3D) modalities have gradually begun to supplement traditional 2-dimensionanl representations of dissections and illustrations. We have introduced and described the workflow of 2 innovative methods-photogrammetry (PGM) and structured light scanning (SLS)which have typically been used for reverse-engineering applications. In the present study, we have described a novel application of SLS and PGM that could enhance medical education and operative planning in neurosurgery. METHODS: We have described the workflow of SLS and PGM for creating volumetric models (VMs) of neuroanatomical dissections, including the requisite equipment and software. We have also provided step-by-step procedures on how users can postprocess and refine these images according to their specifications. Finally, we applied both methods to 3 dissected hemispheres to demonstrate the quality of the VMs and their applications. RESULTS: Both methods yielded VMs with suitable clarity and structural integrity for anatomical education, surgical illustration, and procedural simulation. CONCLUSIONS: The application of 3D computer graphics to neurosurgical applications has shown great promise. SLS and PGM can facilitate the construction of VMs with high accuracy and quality that can be used and shared in a variety of 3D platforms. Similarly, the technical demands are not high;thus, it is plausible that neurosurgeons could become quickly proficient and enlist their use in education and surgical planning. Although SLS is preferable in settings in which high accuracy is required, PGM is a viable alternative with a short learning curve.

关键词： Clinical high risk   Risk calculator   Brain age   Structural MRI   Psychosis prodrome   Biomarker  

摘要： In a recent study, a neuroanatomical-based age prediction model observed neuromaturational deviance among clinical high-risk individuals who developed psychosis. Here we aimed to investigate whether incorporating "brain age gap" (discrepancy between neuroanatomical-based predicted age and chronological age) to the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study risk calculator would enhance prediction of psychosis conversion. The effect of brain age gap was significant (HR = 1.21, P = 0.047), but its predictive variance was found to over-lap entirely with age at ascertainment, consistent with the view that greater brain-age gap and earlier age at onset of prodromal symptoms are correlated indicators of insidious-onset forms of psychosis.