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关键词： frontotemporal dementia   functional MRI   emotion   autonomic   cardiac  

摘要： Impaired processing of emotional signals is a core feature of frontotemporal dementia syndromes, but the underlying neural mechanisms have proved challenging to characterize and measure. Progress in this field may depend on detecting functional changes in the working brain, and disentangling components of emotion processing that include sensory decoding, emotion categorization and emotional contagion. We addressed this using functional MRI of naturalistic, dynamic facial emotion processing with concurrent indices of autonomic arousal, in a cohort of patients representing all major frontotemporal dementia syndromes relative to healthy age-matched individuals. Seventeen patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia [four female;mean (standard deviation) age 64.8 (6.8) years], 12 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia [four female;66.9 (7.0) years], nine with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia [five female;67.4 (8.1) years] and 22 healthy controls [12 female;68.6 (6.8) years] passively viewed videos of universal facial expressions during functional MRI acquisition, with simultaneous heart rate and pupillometric recordings;emotion identification accuracy was assessed in a post-scan behavioural task. Relative to healthy controls, patient groups showed significant impairments (analysis of variance models, all P < 0.05) of facial emotion identification (all syndromes) and cardiac (all syndromes) and pupillary (non-fluent variant only) reactivity. Group-level functional neuroanatomical changes were assessed using statistical parametric mapping, thresholded at P < 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons over the whole brain or within pre-specified regions of interest. In response to viewing facial expressions, all participant groups showed comparable activation of primary visual cortex while patient groups showed differential hypo-activation of fusiform and posterior temporo-occipital junctional cortices. Bi-hemispheric, syndrome-spe

关键词： Temporal lobe epilepsy   Personality   Big 5 traits   NEO-Five Factor Inventory  

摘要： Behavioral and personality disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy (TIE) have been a topic of interest and controversy for decades, with less attention paid to alterations in normal personality structure and traits. In this investigation, core personality traits (the Big 5) and their neurobiological correlates in TIE were explored using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through the Epilepsy Connectome Project (ECP). NEO-FFI scores from 67 individuals with TIE (34.6 +/- 95 years;67% women) were compared to 31 healthy controls (32.8 +/- 8.9 years;41% women) to assess differences in the Big 5 traits (agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion). Individuals with TLE showed significantly higher neuroticism, with no significant differences on the other traits. Neural correlates of neuroticism were then determined in participants with 11.6 including cortical and subcortical volumes. Distributed reductions in cortical gray matter volumes were associated with increased neuroticism. Subcortically, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were negatively associated with neuroticism. These results offer insight into alterations in the Big 5 personality traits in T1.6 and their brain-related correlates. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved.

关键词： 医药、卫生   外科学   外科学各论  

摘要： 本书仍沿用了初版的特点，解剖与临床手术相结合，以增加解剖研究的临床实用性，并融汇了近年来神经外科显微解剖研究的新进展。本书增添了大量清晰的解剖图片，以简约的文字，反映正常的解剖形态，同时结合相关手术入路进一步阐述，层次清晰，一目了然。

关键词： Neuroanatomy   Candidate genes   Last common ancestor   Pan paniscus   Pan troglodytes  

摘要： Given their close genetic relatedness to humans, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) offer an essential comparative framework for studying the evolution of uniquely human traits. These two species differ markedly in their socio-behavioral repertoires, which is reflected in neuroanatomical differences that have been reported in the literature. However, phylogenetic comparative methods have not yet been used to map the evolution of neuroanatomical traits in bonobos and chimpanzees, limiting our ability to understand which neural systems are derived in each species in relation to the last common ancestor of Pan (Pan-LCA). Here, we examine evolutionary changes in neuroanatomical traits of bonobos and chimpanzees relative to ancestral character reconstructions of the Pan-LCA using comparative datasets from hominoids. We found that bonobo brains are derived in showing reduction of whole brain and white matter volumes, with particularly striking reduction of male brain size compared to the inferred Pan-LCA value. Brain structures related to social cognition and emotional regulation, like the insular cortex and amygdala, display a mosaic pattern of evolution with certain traits changing to a greater extent in each species. Examination of potential genetic mechanisms underlying divergence of neural and social traits did not reveal clear differences in protein evolution patterns between the two species. These findings suggest that the brain anatomy of extant bonobos and chimpanzees show lineage-specific specializations and neither can be considered to more closely retain the ancestral state of Pan. Consequently, this raises questions about the extent that modern chimpanzees or bonobos may serve as referential models for the neuroanatomy of the LCA of humans and apes. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： 结合解剖学   影像学   骨科临床   教学质量  

摘要： 主要研究结合解剖学和影像学知识提高骨科临床教学质量的相关问题和解决方案,为未来提高骨科临床教学质量寻找一个新的方向。方法:选取2018年4—9月的50名接受骨科临床教学的学生为观察对象,随机将其分为观察组、对照组,其中对照组学生(25名)接受常规的临床教学,在对照组学生教学方法的基础上,观察组学生(25名)接受解剖学和影像学知识联合教学,评价两种教学方法的临床应用效果。结果:比较两组学生的理论题评分、实践操作题评分、病例分析题评分等,发现观察组学生的评分分别为:(92.3±2.6)分、(94.6±2.8)分、(95.1±1.9)分,明显高于对照组的(83.4±3.1)分、(85.6±2.5)分、(84.1±2.8)分,P<0.05。结论:结合解剖学和影像学知识有助于提高骨科教学质量,因此应该得到相关人员的关注。

关键词： 针灸推拿专业   人体解剖学   实验教学   教学改革  

摘要： 研究针灸推拿专业的人体解剖学实验教学的改革策略。方法:以31例2016届针灸推拿专业学生为对照组,未采取教学改革策略。以36例2018届针灸推拿专业学生为观察组,采取教学改革策略,对比分析教学改革的重要价值。结果:经本文研究,对照组基础知识(68.46±8.75)分,专业技能(70.84±8.56)分,实验操作(62.70±10.79)分。观察组基础知识(79.67±5.48)分,专业技能(82.61±7.59)分,实验操作(84.32±6.97)分,与对照组对比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:对人体解剖学实验教学展开改革,通过优化教学条件,调整教学内容,将实验教学和针灸推拿专业知识相连接,显著提高学生整体素养,让学生建立针推专业解剖学课程知识体系,切实掌握人体解剖学专业技能。

关键词： 畜牧   兽医专业   解剖学  

摘要： 在畜牧兽医专业中,动物解剖学十分重要,这一学科主要是研究畜禽生命形态及结构,可以为后期机体功能代谢与活动奠定坚实基础,但是在实际专业教学中,仍存在较多问题亟待解决,基于此,文章就动物解剖学改革创新展开了详细分析,希望便于学生更好的掌握这门课程。

关键词： 卫生职业学校   人体解剖   信息化教学   效果  

摘要： 近年来随着信息化技术快速发展并运用于教学领域取得显著成效。单一传统教学模式很难满足教师的“教”和学生的“学”。本文着重探讨中职学校信息化教学现状,师生对信息化教学的认识以及信息化存在的教学困难。

关键词： maternal sensitivity   attachment disorganization   amygdala   hippocampus   fear  

摘要： Attachment disorganization is a risk factor for difficulties in attention, social relationships, and mental health. Conceptually, attachment disorganization may indicate a breakdown in fear regulation resulting from repeated exposure to frightening maternal care. In addition, past research has examined the influence of stress-inducing contextual factors and/or child factors upon the development of disorganization. However, no past work has assessed whether infant neuroanatomy, important to stress regulation, moderates the association between maternal care and levels of disorganized behavior. Here, utilizing data from a subsample of 82 dyads taking part in the "Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes" (GUSTO) cohort, we assessed the prediction frommaternal sensitive caregiving at 6 mo and levels of attachment disorganization at 1.5 y, as moderated by hippocampal and amygdala volume determined within the first 2 weeks of life. Results indicate a significant interaction between neonatal left hippocampal volume and maternal sensitivity upon levels of disorganized behavior. Although these results require substantiation in further research, if replicated, they may enable new strategies for the identification of processes important to child mental health and points for intervention. This is because neonatal neuroanatomy, as opposed to genetic variation and sociodemographic risk, may be more directly linked to stress responses within individuals.