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关键词： 联合筋膜鞘   上睑下垂   解剖  

摘要： 自近年来,联合筋膜鞘(conjoint fascial sheath,CFS)悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术迅速成为国内眼整形美容领域的研究热点。现回顾CFS研究的历史,从CFS解剖学研究存在的问题展开讲述研究的方法与成果,对当前临床研究的现状进行回顾与分析,并对CFS悬吊法上睑下垂矫正术未来研究的可能方向作一展望。

关键词： 《四川解剖学杂志》   基础医学  

摘要： 1本刊简介《四川解剖学杂志》创刊于1986年,四川省科学技术协会主管、四川省解剖学会主办的医学综合性学术期刊,被国内外多家期刊数据库和图书馆全文收录。国际标准刊号:ISSN 1005-1457,国内统一刊号:CN 51-1429/R,季刊。2栏目设置本刊为基础医学和临床医学的各二级学科设有论著、综述、技术交流与变异、医学教学等栏目。贯彻理论与实践、普及与提高相结合的办刊方针,适时追踪医学热点.

关键词： 中职护理专业   《解剖学基础》   兴趣  

摘要： 兴趣是引导学生自主学习,削减教师课堂教学阻力,提高学生学习效率源动力,为此在新课改背景下教师期许优化调配教育资源,科学应用教学手段,打造趣味性教学环境,激发学生学习兴趣,使学生得以积极参与到课堂教学活动中,与教师携手创设高效讲堂,本文通过研究调动中职护理专业学生学习《解剖学基础》的兴趣,以期提高中职护理专业育人质量。

关键词： 顶端优势   机制   叶芽   形成层   细胞分裂素   生长素  

摘要： 顶端优势是植物体形态构建的基本法则,解释顶端优势机制的两个流行假说均存在漏洞。在形成层屏蔽假说基础上,分析指出,新梢竞争性利用母枝构建其自身维管系统,从而表现为新梢生长的自上而下抑制顺序。

关键词： 遗体捐献   崇高义举   解剖学教学   传统观念   社会价值   医学教育  

摘要： 尸体是人体解剖学教学所必需的教具,其主要来源为红十字会的遗体捐献。解剖学学习是医学生在医学学习中极其重要的环节。医学生通过对尸体标本的操作观察,进而可掌握人体的正常结构、器官的位置、走向、毗邻关系,为其走向临床治疗、掌握娴熟的手术技能打下坚实的基础。此外,尸体也是医学研究所必需的。由此可见,遗体捐献在医学生治病救人以回馈社会中体现了重要的价值。遗体捐献的意义如今已被大量社会人士所接受和赞同,但仍需加大遗体捐献的宣传及破除人们传统观念等工作,使得更多的人加入到遗体捐献的行列,进而进一步促进医学教育的发展。如此良性反馈,使这种良好的传承得以循环发展下去。

关键词： Rubens'皮瓣   旋髂深动脉   乳房再造   解剖学  

摘要： 目的:探讨以旋髂深动脉及其分支为供应血管的旋髂深动脉皮瓣(Rubens'皮瓣)解剖学基础,为乳房再造尤其是组织缺损大的胸壁修复提供更多组织利用空间。方法:对4例8侧新鲜尸体标本进行大体解剖,以游标卡尺测量旋髂深动脉自髂外动脉发出起点位置、起点管径、分支数量、起点至第一分支距离、最粗穿支管径、主干血管长度等,并对1例2侧新鲜标本进行手术模拟。结果:在本次进行解剖学研究的4例8侧标本中,旋髂深动脉发自股动脉走行至髂外动脉处,起点外径平均为(3.97±0.86)mm,分支数量平均为(9.16±6.22)支,起点至第一分支距离平均为(15.87±9.24)mm,平均穿支数目为(3.12±1.34)支,最粗穿支管径平均为(1.48±1.02)mm,且与腹壁下动脉之间有丰富的血管网吻合,主干血管长度平均为(132.51±48.24)mm。在进行手术模拟的1例2侧新鲜标本中,以旋髂深动脉为蒂的Rubens'皮瓣包含层次依次为皮肤、皮下组织、部分腹外斜肌、部分腹内斜肌、部分腹横肌肌袖,皮瓣体表范围长轴平均为(13.21±2.33)cm,短轴平均为(6.42±2.12)cm。对其中1例模拟成功的皮瓣用排水法测得的皮瓣体积为146.8 mL。结论:以旋髂深动脉及其分支为供应血管的Rubens'皮瓣,紧邻腹部皮瓣,利用人体髂腰部组织量较大的特点,切取皮瓣后对供区损伤较小,既有明显的瘦腰效果,又是延伸腹部皮瓣进行乳房再造及胸壁缺损修复的较好手段,有较好的临床应用前景。

关键词： pain management   multimodal analgesia   regional analgesia   intraoperative period   surgical site infiltration  

摘要： Local anaesthetic administration into a surgical wound blocks the noxious stimuli that result from surgical insult at the site of origin. Surgical site infiltration (also known as local infiltration analgesia) is easy to perform, safe and inexpensive. In addition, it avoids motor blockade, which is particularly relevant for lower limb surgery. The best approach to surgical site infiltration includes meticulous, systematic and extensive surgical site local anaesthetic infiltration in the various tissue planes under direct visualisation before closure of the surgical wound. Local anaesthetic solutions that could be used include bupivacaine HCl, ropivacaine or liposomal bupivacaine diluted with preservative-free normal (0.9%) saline to a total volume depending on the size of the incision. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine are sometimes combined with additives, which have controversial benefits. Continuous wound infusion with preperitoneal wound catheters is an effective pain modality in abdominal surgery and can be used as an alternative for neuraxial analgesia. It is essential that surgical site infiltration is combined with other non-opioid analgesics such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to attain the maximum analgesic efficacy. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Comparative anatomy   Visual cortex   Diffusion MRI   White matter   Vertical occipital fasciculus  

摘要： Comparative neuroanatomy studies improve understanding of brain structure and function and provide insight regarding brain development, evolution, and also what features of the brain are uniquely human. With modern methods such as diffusion MRI (dMRI) and quantitative MRI (qMRI), we are able to measure structural features of the brain with the same methods across human and non-human primates. In this review article, we discuss how recent dMRI measurements of vertical occipital connections in humans and macaques can be compared with previous findings from invasive anatomical studies that examined connectivity, including relatively forgotten classic strychnine neuronography studies. We then review recent progress in understanding the neuroanatomy of vertical connections within the occipitotemporal cortex by combining modern quantitative MRI and classical histological measurements in human and macaque. Finally, we a) discuss current limitations of dMRI and tractography and b) consider potential paths for future investigations using dMRI and tractography for comparative neuroanatomical studies of white matter tracts between species. While we focus on vertical association connections in visual cortex in the present paper, this same approach can be applied to other white matter tracts. Similar efforts are likely to continue to advance our understanding of the neuroanatomical features of the brain that are shared across species, as well as to distinguish the features that are uniquely human. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： cortical malformations   heterotopia   mouse model of developmental disorders  

摘要： The cerebral cortex is a highly organized structure responsible for advanced cognitive functions. Its development relies on a series of steps including neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal migration, axonal outgrowth and brain wiring. Disruption of these steps leads to cortical malformations, often associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy. We have generated a new resource to shed further light on subcortical heterotopia, a malformation characterized by abnormal neuronal position. We describe here the generation and characterization of a knockout (KO) mouse model for Eml1, a microtubule-associated protein showing mutations in human ribbon-like subcortical heterotopia. As previously reported for a spontaneous mouse mutant showing a mutation in Eml1, we observe severe cortical heterotopia in the KO. We also observe abnormal progenitor cells in early corticogenesis, likely to be the origin of the defects. EML1 KO mice on the C57BL/6N genetic background also appear to present a wider phenotype than the original mouse mutant, showing additional brain anomalies, such as corpus callosum abnormalities. We compare the anatomy of male and female mice and also study heterozygote animals. This new resource will help unravel roles for Eml1 in brain development and tissue architecture, as well as the mechanisms leading to severe subcortical heterotopia.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum   Brain   Optic lobe   Antennal lobe   Central complex   Wing polyphenism  

摘要： Many aphid species reproduce parthenogenetically throughout most of the year, with individuals having identical genomes. Nevertheless, aphid clones display a marked polyphenism with associated behavioural differences. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), when crowded, produce winged individuals, which have a larger dispersal range than wingless individuals. We examined here if brain structures linked to primary sensory processing and high-order motor control change in size as a function of wing polyphenism. Using micro-computing tomography (micro-CT) scans and immunocytochemical staining with anti-synapsin antibody, we reconstructed primary visual (optic lobes) and olfactory (antennal lobes) neuropils, together with the central body of winged and wingless parthenogenetic females of A. pisum for volume measurements. Absolute neuropil volumes were generally bigger in anti-synapsin labelled brains compared to micro-CT scans. This is potentially due to differences in rearing conditions of the used aphids. Independent of the method used, however, winged females consistently had larger antennal lobes and optic lobes than wingless females in spite of a larger overall body size of wingless compared to winged females. The volume of the central body, on the other hand was not significantly different between the two morphs. The larger primary sensory centres in winged aphids might thus provide the neuronal substrate for processing different environmental information due to the increased mobility during flight. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.