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关键词： 足背内侧动脉网   血管解剖   外科皮瓣   隐神经  

摘要： 目的了解足背内侧动脉网的血供基础,为足背内侧皮瓣的设计提供解剖学依据。方法解剖20侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人足标本,观察足背内侧动脉网的血供来源、分支、分布及吻合情况。结果足背内侧动脉网的血供主要源于以下4个方面:(1)内踝前动脉的足背内侧皮穿支;(2)跗内侧动脉发向足背内侧的皮穿支;(3)足底内侧动脉浅支和足底内侧深支向足背内侧发出的皮穿支;(4)[足母]趾胫侧底动脉沿[足母]展肌上缘发出的皮穿支。结论根据足背内侧动脉网的解剖学特点,可设计足内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣和足内侧筋膜蒂皮支链皮瓣2种类型的带蒂皮瓣。

关键词： 局部解剖学   临床  

摘要： 以临床为导向进行局部解剖学教学模式改革。教学实践中将局部解剖学与临床相结合,理论联系实际,基础联系临床,结合病例的教学方法,旨在培养学生创新意识、自主学习和动手的能力,为今后的临床应用打下基础。

关键词： 跟骨骨折   跟骨   解剖学  

摘要： 目的:观测跟骨各分部的损伤程度,更好地理解跟骨各部位骨折损伤机制及术后并发症。方法:收集589例跟骨,按解剖学特点分为前部、体部、结节部、载距突部、丘部,划分无损、轻度、中度、重度4个损坏等级,结合观测法采用χ^2检验。结果:无损的可能性排序为载距突部>体部>丘部>结节部>前部;轻度坏损可能性为丘部>前部>载距突部;中度坏损可能性为前部>结节部>体部>丘部;重度坏损可能性为结节部>丘部>体部。结论:跟骨分部与坏损程度发生率有相关性,前部坏损可能性最大,载距突部坏损可能性最小。

关键词： projection mapping   connectivity   tracing   MAPseq   BARseq   DNA sequencing   mesoscale connectivity   barcodes   in situ sequencing   Rosetta brain  

摘要： Mapping brain connectivity at single cell resolution is critical for understanding brain structure. For decades, such mapping has been principally approached with microscopy techniques, aiming to visualize neurons and their connections. However, these techniques are often very labor intensive and do not scale well to the complexity of mammalian brains. We recently leveraged the speed and parallelization of DNA sequencing to map the projections of thousands of single neurons in single experiments, and to map cortical mesoscale connectivity in single mice. Here, I review the state of sequencing-based neuroanatomy, and discuss future directions in synaptic connectivity mapping and comparative connectomics.

关键词： PANDAS   early-onset OCD   gray matter   machine learning   MRI   multivariate pattern analysis   gaussian process classifiers  

摘要： Objective An obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subtype has been associated with streptococcal infections and is called pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococci (PANDAS). The neuroanatomical characterization of subjects with this disorder is crucial for the better understanding of its pathophysiology;also, evaluation of these features as classifiers between patients and controls is relevant to determine potential biomarkers and useful in clinical diagnosis. This was the first multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) study on an early-onset OCD subtype. Methods Fourteen pediatric patients with PANDAS were paired with 14 healthy subjects and were scanned to obtain structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). We identified neuroanatomical differences between subjects with PANDAS and healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and surface analysis. We investigated the usefulness of these neuroanatomical differences to classify patients with PANDAS using MVPA. Results The pattern for the gray and white matter was significantly different between subjects with PANDAS and controls. Alterations emerged in the cortex, subcortex, and cerebellum. There were no significant group differences in DTI measures (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity) or cortical features (thickness, sulci, volume, curvature, and gyrification). The overall accuracy of 75% was achieved using the gray matter features to classify patients with PANDAS and healthy controls. Conclusion The results of this integrative study allow a better understanding of the neural substrates in this OCD subtype, suggesting that the anatomical gray matter characteristics could have an immune origin that might be helpful in patient classification.

关键词： canines   dogs   evolution   morphology   MRI   selective breeding  

摘要： Humans have bred different lineages of domestic dogs for different tasks such as hunting, herding, guarding, or companionship. These behavioral differences must be the result of underlying neural differences, but surprisingly, this topic has gone largely unexplored. The current study examined whether and how selective breeding by humans has altered the gross organization of the brain in dogs. We assessed regional volumetric variation in MRI studies of 62 male and female dogs of 33 breeds. Neuroanatomical variation is plainly visible across breeds. This variation is distributed nonrandomly across the brain. A whole-brain, data-driven independent components analysis established that specific regional subnetworks covary significantly with each other. Variation in these networks is not simply the result of variation in total brain size, total body size, or skull shape. Furthermore, the anatomy of these networks correlates significantly with different behavioral specialization(s) such as sight hunting, scent hunting, guarding, and companionship. Importantly, a phylogenetic analysis revealed that most change has occurred in the terminal branches of the dog phylogenetic tree, indicating strong, recent selection in individual breeds. Together, these results establish that brain anatomy varies significantly in dogs, likely due to human-applied selection for behavior.

关键词： 中职   解剖学基础   信息化   课堂教学  

摘要： 随着时代的不断发展,信息化已经成为了教育改革中的重点。尤其是对于中职解剖学基础教学来讲,通过使用信息技术,不仅可以将静态的知识动态展示在学生面前,同时也可以加深学生对知识的理解。基于此本文针对中职解剖学基础信息化教学进行了简要阐述,仅供参考。

关键词： 校本   护理专业   人体解剖学   教学改革  

摘要： 人体解剖学是护理专业中的重要基础学科,现阶段我国部分高校护理专业的人体解剖学教学在实际开展的过程中还存在诸多的不足。基于此,本文对“校本”护理专业人体解剖学教学改革进行了实践探索。