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关键词： 神经解剖学   混合式教学   线上教学  

摘要： 目的 分析神经解剖学混合式教学中的线上教学情况,为提高神经解剖学的混合式教学效果提供科学依据.方法 选取某校2018级临床医学专业18个班的学生为研究对象,实验组采用线上+线下相结合的混合式教学模式,对照组采用传统教学模式,对比分析两组的视频学习情况及学习成绩.结果 视频学习综合完成情况实验组好于对照组(P<0.001);考试成绩和综合成绩实验组均高于对照组(P<0.001);考试成绩等级与视频观看时长反刍比呈正相关(r=0.117,P=0.039);14个任务点中,平均视频观看时长反刍比以脊髓、神经传导通路最长(F=33.558,P<0.001);实验组有10个任务点的平均视频观看时长反刍比长于对照组(P<0.05).结论 神经解剖学的线上教学效果较好,加强视频观看有助于提高学习效果.脊髓和神经传导通路是学习难点.

关键词： 信息化教学   人体解剖学   超星学习通   口腔医学  

摘要： 目的研究基于超星学习通的信息化教学模式在高职高专口腔医学专业人体解剖学教学中的应用效果。方法随机抽取2018级口腔专业两个合堂班级,一个合堂班级为对照组,共115人。另一个合堂班级为观察组,共120人。对照组采取传统教学模式,观察组采用基于超星学习通的信息化教学;以人体解剖学消化系统为例。对比分析两组学生的章节测试成绩;采用学生课堂观察表对两组学生的课堂表现进行对比分析;采用教师课堂教学评价表对教师教学过程予以评价;调查分析观察组学生对基于超星学习通的信息化教学模式的认可度和接受度。结果观察组学生消化系统测试中,选择题、填空题、名词解释、问答题、识图以及总成绩优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组学生课堂表现评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组教师课堂教学评价评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组学生对不同教学方式的认可度和接受度比较,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于超星学习通的信息化教学模式可以有效提高口腔医学专业人体解剖学教学效果。

关键词： 计算机图形   电脑绘图   人体解剖学   人体结构   提升效率   艺术创作   电脑时代   表达手法  

摘要： 计算机图形(computer graphics,CG),简单的说是电脑绘图和设计,是技术与艺术的完美结合,几乎囊括当今电脑时代中所有的视觉艺术创作活动[1]。在人体解剖学运用计算机图形手法,促进人体解剖学的发展与艺术的交流。计算机图形是提升效率最快的一种艺术表达手法,提高学生对人体的写生效率和绘画的造型效率。在从事艺术创作的过程中,了解人体结构是提高造型能力中的一个核心元素,造型能力扮演着重要角色,让学生更好学习掌握人体结构,也可以更好展现人体的形态和风貌[2]。计算机图形作为一门新的学科,这种崭新的艺术创作手段,成为时代的需求,拓宽并丰富人类艺术领域并逐渐成为独立的艺术门类。

关键词： 胸主动脉   多层螺旋CT检查   解剖学  

摘要： 目的探讨胸主动脉形态学指标与年龄相关变化的规律。方法回顾性收集行胸部增强扫描或胸部CT血管造影检查的417例健康胸主动脉人群资料。分析胸主动脉长度与年龄之间的相关性,对比中青年组与老年组之间的胸主动脉直径、胸主动脉扭曲度等形态学指标。结果体表面积调整后的胸主动脉总长度与年龄呈线性相关(R^2=0.193,P<0.001),其中近端降主动脉长度的变化趋势最明显(R^2=0.287,P<0.0001)。老年组各段胸主动脉直径均大于中青年组(P<0.001)。老年组胸主动脉扭曲度大于中青年组(t=7.94,P<0.001)。结论胸主动脉长度、直径、扭曲度等形态学指标与年龄存在直线相关性。

关键词： 寰枕融合   枢椎椎弓根   解剖学   局部   椎弓根钉   假体植入   Mimics软件  

摘要： 目的探讨寰枕融合患者枢椎椎弓根形态及其对手术治疗的影响。方法以2018年5月—2019年3月我院收治的寰枕融合患者49例作为病例组,无颅颈交界区疾病的患者30例作为对照组,所有患者均行颅颈交界区薄层CT扫描三维重建,采用Mimics软件测量患者枢椎椎弓根宽度、高度及内倾角和上倾角。病例组患者采用后路寰枢椎钉棒复位内固定手术进行治疗。结果病例组枢椎椎弓根高度为(4.62±1.39)mm,宽度为(4.13±1.45)mm,对照组枢椎椎弓根高度为(5.54±1.83)mm,宽度为(4.88±1.22)mm,两组比较差异具有显著的统计学意义(t=3.33、3.59,P<0.05)。对于枢椎椎弓根发育狭小,无法植入枢椎椎弓根螺钉的患者,11例植入颈2下关节突螺钉治疗,3例植入颈3下关节突治疗,6例植入颈3椎弓根螺钉治疗。结论寰枕融合患者枢椎椎弓根较正常狭小,植入螺钉难度更大,无法安全植钉时应采用备选方案进行治疗。

关键词： 系统解剖学   金课   实践   分析  

摘要： 通过分析临床医学专业系统解剖学课程教学现状,从编写课程资料、开展线上线下混合教学、接轨执业医师标准、吸纳临床师资、拓展第二课堂等方面推进系统解剖学"金课"建设实践,并结合地方医学院校应用型人才培养目标要求,就系统解剖学"金课"建设实践进行分析。

关键词： 结构主义   认识论   学习观   艺用解剖学   人体结构  

摘要： 认知结构和学科知识结构是结构主义课程理论的基本理论依据。本文以结构主义学习理论的教学观为指导,阐述基于结构主义视角下的艺用解剖学教学内容,教学对象和教学模式的认识,对结构主义课程观进行再思考。

关键词： 课程思政   运动解剖学   教学实践  

摘要： 贯彻习近平总书记在全国高校思想政治工作会议上提出的“使各类课程与思想政治理论课同向同行,形成协同效应” 的重要指示,结合当前高校思想政治教育的现状,分析运动解剖学课程性质,介绍该课程融入思政的具体做法,为体育教育专业 同类课程贯彻“课程思政”?教学提供了可参考的路径。

关键词： Autonoesis   Episodic memory   Scene construction   Self-projection   Constructive episodic simulation   Mental time travel   Mental lines  

摘要： One of Endel Tulving’s most important contributions to memory research is the coupling of self-knowing consciousness (or “autonoesis”) with episodic memory. According to Tulving, autonoetic episodic memory enables the uniquely human neurocognitive operation of “mental time travel”, which is the ability to deliberately “project” oneself to a specific time and place to remember personally experienced events that occurred in the past and simulate personal happenings that may occur in the future. These ideas ignited an explosion of research in the years to follow, leading to the development of several related concepts and theories regarding the role of the human self in memory and prospection. In this paper, we first explore the expansion of the concept of autonoetic consciousness in the cognitive neuroscience literature as well as the formulation of derivative concepts and theories. Subsequently, we review such concepts and theories including episodic memory, mental time travel, episodic simulation, scene construction and self-projection. In view of Tulving’s emphasis of the temporal and spatial context of the experience, we also review the cognitive operation involved in “travel” (or “projection”) in these domains as well as in the social domain. We describe the underlying brain networks and processes involved, their overlapping activations and involvement in giving rise to the experience. Meta-analysis of studies investigating the underlying functional neuroanatomy of these theories revealed main overlapping activations in sub-regions of the medial prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, retrosplenial cortex, temporoparietal junction and medial temporal lobe. Dissection of these results enables to infer and quantify the interrelations in between the different theories as well as with respect to Tulving’s original ideas.

关键词： Mild traumatic brain injury   Gray matter volume   Functional connectivity   Cognitive function   MRI  

摘要： Cognitive impairment is a major cause of disability and decline in quality of life in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) survivors, but the underlying pathophysiology is still poorly understood. The insula has extensive connections to other cortex and is believed to responsible for integrating external and internal processes and controlling cognitive functions. To explore this hypothesis, we investigated early alterations in the gray matter volume (GMV) and brain functional connectivity (FC) of insula in mTBI patients within 7 days after injury and any possible correlations with cognitive function. A total of 58 mTBI patients at the acute stage and 32 matched healthy controls were recruited and underwentT1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)andresting-state functional MRI scans within 7 days of injury. FC was characterized using seed-based region of interest analysis method. The patients' cognitive function was evaluated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. The resulting of GMV and FC of insula were correlated with cognitive alterations. We found that the GMV was significantly reduced only in the right insula in mTBI patients and no significant GMV increase was observed in either hemisphere. mTBI patients demonstrated decreased FC in the right parahippocampal gyrus and increased FC in the right supramargianl gyrus. In addition, compared to the healthy controls, the mTBI patients in the acute stage presented a decline in the visuospatial/executive (p = 0.013) and attention (p = 0.038) subcategories. In the mTBI group, the changes in GMV in the right insula were positively correlated with poor attention performance (r = 0.316, p = 0.016). Our data demonstrated alterations of the GMV and resting-stateFC of the right insula in mTBI patients at the acute stage. These early changes in GMV and resting-state FC perhaps serve as a potential biomarker for improving the understanding of cognitive decline for mTBI in the acute setting.