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关键词： 针灸学习   人体解剖学   经络腧穴   康复治疗  

摘要： 目的:综合在针灸学习中的体会和相关文章,阐述解剖学于针灸学习实践的意义,对中医特色的解剖学学习做探讨与展望。方法:查阅相关文章,整理有关的教学体会,分析针灸学和人体解剖学间的相互联系。结果:在针灸的课程学习、实训操作、科研探索及学科发展中,人体解剖学均是重要的基础性学科。结论:中医院校学生,结合专业特点、掌握扎实的解剖学知识并融汇运用尤为必要;如何构建中医特色的解剖教学、如何促进学科交互以发展传统康复治疗技术的运用,值得讨论。

关键词： 跟骨   骨折   解剖  

摘要： 目的:探讨跟骨的解剖学特点,为跟骨骨折的良好复位提供解剖学依据。方法:选取589具干燥完整的成人跟骨标本,测量跟骨的长度、宽度、高度,跟骨结节长度,Bohler角和Gissane角。采用直线回归分析探讨跟骨高度与跟骨长度之间的关系。结果:跟骨长(74.83±6.67)mm、宽(39.60±3.33)mm、高(40.89±3.41)mm,跟骨结节长(53.77±5.12)mm,Bohler角34.33°±5.95°,Gissane角126.55°±7.10°。跟骨长度大于跟骨结节长度(t=193.903,P=0.000),跟骨高度大于跟骨宽度(t=12.690,P=0.000)。以跟骨高度为自变量(x)、跟骨长度为因变量(y)建立回归模型,得到的回归方程式为y=28.28+1.1×x(F=905.630,P=0.000),跟骨长度与跟骨高度呈直线关系;决定系数R2=0.608,表示跟骨高度可以解释跟骨长度变异性的60.8%。结论:跟骨长度大于跟骨结节长度,跟骨高度大于跟骨宽度,跟骨高度增加则跟骨长度相应增加。

关键词： 医学生   创新训练项目   解剖学实验室  

摘要： 医学生是最具有活力和创新能力的群体,参与创新训练项目的医学生参与解剖学实验室建设,不仅能够培养医学生的科研能力和人文素养等,也可以为职业生涯打下良好的基础,同时促进解剖学实验室的发展,提高实验教学质量。

关键词： 绵枣儿   生长节律   花芽分化   形态解剖  

摘要： 为探明绵枣儿(Barnardia japonica)在哈尔滨地区的年生长节律以及花芽分化进程,该文以从长白山引种至东北林业大学花卉研究所苗圃内的绵枣儿为材料,采用田间观察法研究绵枣儿的年生长节律,并采用石蜡切片法观察其花芽分化各阶段的形态解剖学特征。结果表明:(1)绵枣儿在哈尔滨地区的生长节律大致可以分为四个时期,即花芽分化与发育期、开花期、结实期、休眠期。(2)绵枣儿花芽分化进程可以分为七个阶段,即4月中上旬,由于土壤温度较低,鳞茎仍处于未分化期;4月下旬进入花序原基分化期;5月上旬苞片原基分化;5月下旬为小花原基分化期;5月末至6月初花被片原基分化;6月上旬进入雄蕊原基分化期;6月下旬为雌蕊原基分化期。该研究明确了绵枣儿在哈尔滨地区的年生长节律和花芽分化各阶段的解剖学特性,为园林应用和新品种的选育提供了一定的科学依据。

关键词： “人体解剖学”   线上学习   混合学习  

摘要： 受疫情的影响,“人体解剖学”实施线上直播教学,以“学生主体、教师主导”的理念为指导,采用“课前、课中、课后”的混合教学模式,多平台结合,实现通信快捷。依据学科特征,引导学生认知,促进知识组织,并引用生活案例,搭建知识框架,引导学生深入探究,实现知识的迁移及应用。课中融入课堂思政,激发学习内驱力,提升学生的医学素养。结合多元化评估,达成教学三层目标,从而促进学生的整体发展。

关键词： 腕背侧   深层血管网   显微解剖  

摘要： 目的对腕背侧深层血管网的进行显微解剖,为临床组织瓣的切取、术中避免血管网的损伤或止血提供解剖学基础。方法在头戴式放大镜下,对10具尸体标本20侧上肢进行了腕背侧深层血管网构成血管的来源、走行、分布以及发出的分支进行精细解剖并测量相关数据。结果腕背侧深层血管网构成由骨间前动脉终末支桡尺侧分支、桡动脉腕背支和尺动脉腕背支三者构成,血管网分布至腕背侧深层关节囊、韧带及腕骨,而从腕背侧深层血管网向手背发出三条掌背动脉,走行在第2、3、4掌骨背侧之间,并最终延续为指背动脉。结论明确腕背侧深层血管网的分布、构成血管的来源及走行,对腕背侧手术操作治疗具有重要临床意义。

关键词： Persistent hiccups   Hypothalamus   Brainstem   Pons   Horner's syndrome   primary CNS lymphoma  

摘要： We present a case of a 42-year-old male presenting with persistent hiccups and a Horner's syndrome, among other symptoms and signs of hypothalamic and brainstem dysfunction. He had a biopsyproven diffuse infiltrative large primary CNS B-cell lymphoma involving the left fronto-temporal hemisphere, diencephalon and brainstem. The aim of this case report is to highlight key clinical and neuroanatomical correlations that bring light to the art of the clinical examination. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： First-episode psychosis   Schizophrenia   Structural MRI   Subcortical structures   Cortical thickness   Longitudinal study  

摘要： The location, extent and progression of longitudinal morphometric changes after first-episode of psychosis (FEP) remains unclear. We investigated ventricular and cortico-subcortical regions over a 3-year period in FEP patients compared with healthy controls. High resolution 1.5T T1-weighted MR images were obtained at baseline from 28 FEP patients at presentation and 28 controls, and again after 3-years. The longitudinal FreeSurfer pipeline (v.5.3.0) was used for regional volumetric and cortical reconstruction image analyses. Repeated-measures ANCOVA and vertex-wise linear regression analyses compared progressive changes between groups in subcortical structures and cortical thickness respectively. Compared with controls, patients displayed progressively reduced volume of the caudate [F (1,51)=5.86, p=0.02, Hedges' g=0.66], putamen [F (1,51)=6.06, p=0.02, g=0.67], thalamus [F (1,51)=6.99, p=0.01, g=0.72] and increased right lateral ventricular volume [F (1, 51)= 4.03, p=0.05], and significantly increased rate of cortical thinning [F (1,52)=5.11, p=0.028)] at a mean difference of 0.84% [95% CI (0.10, 1.59)] in the left lateral orbitofrontal region over the 3-year period. In patients, greater reduction in putamen volume over time was associated with lower cumulative antipsychotic medication dose (r=0.49, p=0.01), and increasing lateral ventricular volume over time was associated with worsening negative symptoms (r=0.41, p=0.04) and poorer global functioning (r= 0.41, p=0.04). This study demonstrates localised progressive structural abnormalities in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit after the onset of psychosis, with increasing ventricular volume noted as a neuroanatomical marker of poorer clinical and functional outcome.

关键词： Visuospatial   Working memory   Spatial span   Primary progressive aphasia   Alzheimer's disease  

摘要： Introduction: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) comprises three main variants: logopenic (lv-PPA), non-fluent (nfv-PPA) and semantic variant (sv-PPA). Differentiating the language profiles of the PPA variants remains challenging, especially for lv-PPA and nfv-PPA. As such, diagnostic tools that do not rely on speech and language may offer some utility. Here, we investigated the short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants and typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a particular interest in the visuospatial system. We hypothesised visuospatial short-term and working memory would be more compromised in lv-PPA and AD than in the other PPA variants, and that this would relate to degeneration of posterior temporoparietal brain regions. Method: Thirty-three lv-PPA, 26 nfv-PPA, 31 sv-PPA and 58 AD patients, and 45 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants completed the WMS-III Spatial and Digit Span tasks and underwent a structural brain MRI for voxel-based morphometry analyses. Results: Relative to Controls, Spatial Span Forward (SSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and AD but not in nfv-PPA or sv-PPA. In contrast, Digit Span Forward (DSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and nfv-PPA (to a similar level), and AD, but was relatively intact in sv-PPA. As expected, most backward span scores across both modalities were lower than forward span scores. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that SSF and SSB performance in all patients combined correlated with grey matter intensity decrease in several clusters located in temporo-parieto-occipital brain regions. Post-hoc group comparisons of these regions showed that grey matter loss was more extensive in the lv-PPA and AD groups than in the nfv-PPA and sv-PPA groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the visuospatial short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants are separable and likely reflect their distinct patterns of temporo-parieto-occipital brain atrophy. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. A

关键词： neuroanatomy education   medical education   near-peer teaching   peer teaching   undergraduate students   anatomy laboratory   curriculum  

摘要： In light of the current shifts in medical education from traditional lectures to more active teaching modalities, a peer-teaching program was introduced to a compulsory, second-year neuroanatomy course. A cross-sectional survey of 527 medical students in the six-year medical program of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens was administered. The primary aim of the survey, which was distributed to second- through sixth-year medical students, who had completed the neuroanatomy course, was to assess student perception of peer teachers (PTs). Across the five years assessed, students increasingly acknowledged the contribution of PTs to their learning (P < 0.001). Attributes of PTs (e.g., contribution to learning, motivation, effective usage of material, and team environment) were significantly related to the student's opinion of the importance of laboratory activities (P < 0.001). Students who received "average" final grades scored the importance of laboratory exercises, and by inference PTs, significantly lower than students who received "excellent" final grades (P < 0.05). The amount of training that PTs had received was also significantly related to student perceptions of a PT's contribution. Better trained PTs were associated with significantly higher scores regarding learning, motivation, and positive environment compared to less trained PTs (P < 0.05). The results of the present study show that peer-teaching was well received by students attending the neuroanatomy course. While the results express the evolution of the program across the years, the findings also show that learners believed that PTs and the laboratory program contributed significantly to their understanding of neuroanatomy.