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关键词： Ageing   Hearing loss   Listening effort   Grey matter volume   Cortical thickness   Diffusion tensor imaging  

摘要： Age-related hearing loss is associated with a decrease in hearing abilities for high frequencies and therefore leads to impairments in understanding speech-in particular, under adverse listening conditions. Growing evidence suggests that age-related hearing loss is related to various neural changes, for instance, affecting auditory and frontal brain regions. How the decreased auditory input and the increased listening effort in daily life are associated with structural changes is less clear, since previous evidence is scarce and mostly involved low sample sizes. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of age-related untreated hearing loss and subjectively rated daily life listening effort on grey matter and white matter changes in a large sample of participants (n = 71). For that aim, we conducted anatomical MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in elderly hard-of-hearing and age-matched normal-hearing participants. Our results showed significantly lower grey matter volume in the middle frontal cortex in hard-of-hearing compared to normal-hearing participants. Further, higher listening effort was associated with lower grey matter volume and cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and lower grey matter volume in the inferior frontal cortex. No significant relations between hearing abilities or listening effort were obtained for white matter integrity in tracts connecting auditory and prefrontal as well as visual areas. These findings provide evidence that hearing impairment as well as daily life listening effort seems to be associated with grey matter loss in prefrontal brain regions. We further conclude that alterations in cortical thickness seem to be linked to the increased listening effort rather than the hearing loss itself.

关键词： 2-Fluoro-1-methylpyridinium   p-toluenesulfonate solid phase extraction   central composite design   Akaike information criterion correction   ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus   insulin-induced hypoglycemia  

摘要： Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) control of glucostasis is estradiol (E-2)-dependent. E-2 regulation of VMN reactivity to hypoglycemia may involve changes in signal volume due to altered aromatase expression. Here, high-resolution micropunch dissection tools for isolation of segmental VMN tissue were used with Design of Experiments-refined uHPLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) methodology to investigate the premise that effects of acute and/or recurring hypoglycemia on VMN E-2 content are sex-dimorphic. Relationships among multiple independent mass spectrometric operational variables were assessed by Central Composite Design (CCD) to amplify E-2 chromatogram area. Combinations of spectrometric temperature and gas pressure variable combinations were screened by Akaike Information Criterion correction modeling. A Fibonacci Sequence design using CCD minimum and maximal variable limits produced a small-run model that replicated maximal response from CCD. E-2 chromatographic response was further enhanced by optimization of solid phase extraction and instrument source and collision-induced dissociation voltages. In male rats, acute and chronic hypoglycemia respectively elevated or diminished E-2 concentrations relative to baseline in both rostral and caudal VMN. However, females exhibited regional variability in tissue E-2 profiles during acute (increased, rostral VMN;no change, caudal VMN) and recurring (no change, rostral VMN;increased, caudal VMN) hypoglycemia. Outcomes demonstrate requisite LC-ESI-MS sensitivity for E-2 quantification in small-volume brain tissue samples acquired with high-neuroanatomical specificity. Current methodology will facilitate efforts to investigate physiological consequences of VMN rostro-caudal segment-specific acclimation of E-2 profiles to recurring hypoglycemia, including effects on gluco-regulatory function, in each sex. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 慕课   人体解剖学   教学改革  

摘要： 随着时代的不断发展,慕课已经逐渐成为了目前的一项热点问题。它是一种规模较大,且极具有开放性的课程模式,这种课程模式还有这课程微型化的特点,这一特点为传统教学带来了非常严峻的挑战。由于在慕课背景下进行授课有着非常灵活的授课时间,非常自由的学习时间,以及丰富的课程资源和公平公正的评价体系。使得目前的医学教学开始出现了一次新的变革,在这种全新的教育模式影响下,人体解剖教学作为医学基础课程的重要组成部分需要凭借慕课的优势来革新课程模式,优化课程内容,完善评价系统。实现人体解剖教学效果的提升。

关键词： 高职高专   护理学专业   解剖学   实验教学   改革探索  

摘要： 伴随着我国社会经济的快速发展,对于我国教育事业发展也带来了诸多便利,现如今对学生综合成绩的能力的培养也变得越来越重视,这就对教师提出了新的要求,日常教学过程中必须要采取有效的对策来加强教育指导,进而获得绝佳的教学效果。但是就目前高职高专护理学专业解剖学实验教学质量并不高,仍旧存在很多问题,所以针对问题总结出几点改革对策,其目的就是为了提升解剖实验教学质量,进而促进高职院校蓬勃发展。

关键词： 职业学校   解剖学   教学效果  

摘要： 解剖学是医学基础学科,能为后续诸多医学课程学习和将来接触临床打下坚实基础。为提高职业学校解剖学教学效果,本文针对学生和教师提出了一些针对性的、适用性的建议。

关键词： 脊柱   骨骼   影像学   解剖学   教学效果  

摘要： 目的评价脊柱多模态影像与大体标本整合解剖学教学的实施效果。方法选择临床脊柱相关学科29名实习医师(第1组)和35名规范化培训住院医师(第2组)作为教学对象,接受2个学时脊柱多模态影像与大体标本整合解剖学教学。准备50个有关脊柱解剖学试题于授课前后分别对学生进行测试,并采用匿名问卷调查学生对该课程的认识。结果两组学生授课前后的平均成绩比较,授课后(92.48±6.56)和(93.83±7.35)均显著高于授课前(56.62±8.74)和(54.27±7.38)(P均<0.01)。调查显示93.75%的学生不熟悉脊柱影像解剖,75%的学生感觉学习该课程比较轻松,82.81%的学生赞同该课程进一步推广应用,且78.13%的学生认为影像解剖学有助于对系统解剖学知识的理解。所有学生均认为影像解剖与临床工作更为密切相关,有助于他们的临床实践。结论脊柱解剖学教学中整合多模态影像可以提高教学效果,影像学知识有助于学生掌握临床技能。

关键词： 人体解剖学   课程思政   高职  

摘要： 本文从以学引思,增强德育意识;以研促改,探索课程思政模式;以赛导教,逐步提高德育能力;以生扩效,全面开展课程思政4方面对人体解剖学课程思政工作进行总结。

关键词： 科学研究项目   科研能力培养   基础医学   科研创新   创新实验   医学院校   大学生创新创业   第二课堂  

摘要： 随着我国经济社会的进步,国家对高校教育的投入不断增多;医学教育事业和医疗技术水平的快速发展,使得国家越来越重视对医务工作者的培养。除了规定的课程,许多医学院校纷纷通过“第二课堂”的方式[1],着重加强培养学生的创新能力,涌现出许多依靠大学生申报并主动完成的各类科学研究项目,如大学生创新训练计划项目(简称“大创”)、“互联网+”大学生创新创业实践项目、基础医学创新实验大赛等;这些项目旨在培养在校大学生的实践能力,给予他们科研创新的机会[2]。

关键词： 盆底肌功能障碍   产后康复   解剖学   病因   介入时机   康复治疗  

摘要： 盆底肌功能障碍是临床常见疾病,对女性的身心健康与生活质量均会造成较大影响。其致病因素主要是盆底支持功能衰退,继而导致女性生殖器官与邻近器官下移,因此改善盆底肌功能障碍对于提高女性患者的生活质量尤为重要。本文在介绍盆底肌功能障碍发病原因的基础上整理在临床使用较多且疗效确切的康复方法,以供相关从业人员参考。