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关键词： 系统解剖学   高等教育   医学基础课程   混合教学模式   互联网   专业术语   大学课堂   新形态  

摘要： 目前,教育部大力推进在各学科形成"互联网+高等教育"发展新形态,结合传统课堂教育与线上教育的"混合教育模式"则应运而生。系统解剖学是一门重要的医学基础课程,与医学各学科之间联系密切,然而,由于其内容庞杂、专业术语众多及课时相对偏少,导致认为该课程难以掌握的学生比例高达67.8%[1]。随着互联网技术的进步,手机在一定程度上影响了大学课堂[2]。

关键词： 护理专业   人体解剖学   教学改革  

摘要： 通过重新构建解剖学教学内容,培养学生自学能力,创新教学评价方法,进行为高职医学基础课程改革提供借鉴。

关键词： 人体解剖学   智能导学系统   个性化学习  

摘要： 目的实现“人体解剖学”个性化学习,促进学生对解剖学知识的掌握和开发学生的持续学习能力。方法利用通用智能导学系统框架(generalized intelligent framework for tutoring,GI-FT)设计并实现了“人体解剖学”智能导学系统,并将其应用于漯河医学高等专科学校2019级康复治疗技术专业274名学生中进行分组测试。实验组137人,使用智能导学系统学习“人体解剖学”内容;对照组137人,通过传统的教学方法学习。学习结束后,对两组学生分别进行2次测试,并对其成绩进行统计分析;同时对实验组学生进行智能导学系统教学满意度调查。结果实验组2次解剖学测试成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组学生对智能导学系统使用效果各项指标中“很不符合”“不符合”的累计占比在3%~19%。结论“人体解剖学”智能导学系统能有效帮助学生施展个性化学习、提高学习效果,有利于其对解剖学基础知识的掌握和医学持续学习能力的培养。

关键词： BclI polymorphism   FMR1   Structural MRI   Multivariate pattern classification   Anxiety  

摘要： Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading known inherited cause for intellectual disability. Due to mutations in the FMR1 gene, affected individuals are at risk for serious cognitive and behavioral symptoms and developmental disability. Clinical presentation varies considerably, and investigation of genetic factors not directly related to FMR1 may help better understand variability. The present study examined the BclI polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 in 43 individuals with FXS (28 females, age 16 to 25). Females with FXS who presented with one or more G alleles demonstrated attenuated symptoms of anxiety/depression (p = 0.038) and externalizing behaviors (p = 0.042) relative to individuals with the C/C allele. In the combined sample (males and females) structural neuroimaging data differentiated individuals with a G allele from those with the C/C genotype (p < 0.001). Key components of anxiety/fear neurocircuitry (amygdala, insula) contributed more (relative to other regions) to the model differentiating groups. These results indicate that GR polymorphisms are associated with an altered pattern of behavioral and brain development in FXS. This information is important for understanding and treating mood disorders and altered brain development among individuals with FXS. With further research, these findings could be informative for understanding anxiety and mood disorders more broadly.

关键词： Neuroscience   Schizophrenia  

摘要： Infectious or noninfectious maternal immune activation (MIA) is an environmental risk factor for psychiatric and neurological disorders with neurodevelopmental etiologies. Whilst there is increasing evidence for significant health consequences, the effects of MIA on the offspring appear to be variable. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize subgroups of isogenic mouse offspring exposed to identical MIA, which was induced in C57BL6/N mice by administration of the viral mimetic, poly(I:C), on gestation day 12. Cluster analysis of behavioral data obtained from a first cohort containing >150 MIA and control offspring revealed that MIA offspring could be stratified into distinct subgroups that were characterized by the presence or absence of multiple behavioral dysfunctions. The two subgroups also differed in terms of their transcriptional profiles in cortical and subcortical brain regions and brain networks of structural covariance, as measured by ex vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In a second, independent cohort containing 50 MIA and control offspring, we identified a subgroup of MIA offspring that displayed elevated peripheral production of innate inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, in adulthood. This subgroup also showed significant impairments in social approach behavior and sensorimotor gating, whereas MIA offspring with a low inflammatory cytokine status did not. Taken together, our results highlight the existence of subgroups of MIA-exposed offspring that show dissociable behavioral, transcriptional, brain network, and immunological profiles even under conditions of genetic homogeneity. These data have relevance for advancing our understanding of the variable neurodevelopmental effects induced by MIA and for biomarker-guided approaches in preclinical psychiatric research.

关键词： 基础医学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030595454

摘要： 本书包括系统解剖学、局部解剖学和麻醉解剖学的实验内容。各篇又分为验证性实验指导、设计性实验指导及实验报告，并配有学生绘制的精美彩图。

关键词： Pelvic nerves   Laparoscopy   Benign gynecology   Education   Robotic Surgery  

摘要： Objective This video tutorial identifies key anatomic landmarks useful in identifying the path of the most commonly encountered pelvic nerves in benign gynecologic surgery. Design This is a narrated overview of commonly encountered pelvic nerves during benign gynecology, their origin, sensory, and motor function, as well as sequelae related to injury. Setting The unintended injury of pelvic neural connections can be a complication of any pelvic surgery, however, surgery for malignancy or endometriosis may increase the likelihood of encountering these nerves. The majority of focus surrounding surgical nerve injury, however, relates to patient positioning [1]. Injury to the pelvic nerves can lead to lifelong sexual, bladder, and defecatory dysfunction [2]. Interventions We review the Genitofemoral, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous, Ilioinguinal, Obturator, Superior and Inferior Hypogastric nerves, Pelvic Splanchnic nerves, and the Sacral nerves. Surgical illustrations are used (Fig. 1) alongside real-time narrated video to help viewers recognize the normal course of commonly encountered pelvic nerves at the time of gynecologic surgery (Figs2–3). Conclusion The surgical management of complex pelvic disease can unfortunately carry significant patient morbidity [3]. The neural pathways traveling through the pelvis via the hypogastric nerves are responsible for proprioception, vaginal lubrication, and proper functioning or the urethral and anal sphincters [4]. Sparing these nerves during pelvic surgery, and especially when anatomic planes are distorted by pelvic disease, requires surgical expertise and an immense understanding of pelvic neuroanatomy [4,5]. Preservation of the pelvic neural pathways is necessary to deliver the best patient outcomes while minimizing unwanted surgical complications. This video tutorial also highlights the origin of these nerves, their anatomic location, procedures in which these nerves may be encountered, and what sequelae occur from their

关键词： Time perspective   Risk preference   Right posterior parietal cortex   Voxel-based morphometry  

摘要： The preference for taking risk troubles people across multiple domains including health, economics, and social well-being. Prior research has demonstrated that risk preference can be influenced by time perspective (TP). However, little is known about the neural substrates underlying the effect of TP on risk preference. Here, we used a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method across two samples to address this question. In Sample 1, the behavioral results showed a positive correlation between present hedonistic TP (PHTP) and gambling rate (the index of risk preference), indicating the higher PHTP, the greater the preference for risk. Subsequently, the whole-brain VBM results found that gambling rate was negatively correlated with the gray matter (GM) volume of a cluster in the right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC). The PHTP score was also negatively related to the GM volume of another cluster in the rPPC. We then examined an overlapping region in the rPPC using a conjunction analysis method. The GM volume of this overlapping brain region was related to both PHTP score and gambling rate. Finally, the mediation analysis found that the GM volume of overlapping region in rPPC played a role in explaining the effect of PHTP on risk preference. This result was also reproduced and validated in another independent sample. Taken together, our findings manifest that the structural variation of rPPC can account for the influence that PHTP has upon the risk preference.