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关键词： 解剖学   生物模拟学   鼻成形术   鼻尖  

摘要： 鼻是位于面中部的三维立体结构,在面部美学中发挥重要作用。鼻的解剖结构尤其鼻软骨、肌肉及韧带在空间上相互联系并彼此作用,影响着鼻尖的大小、位置、形态和功能。作者尝试从解剖和功能学层面对鼻软骨、肌肉及韧带间的空间排列和联系进行文献梳理,总结其对鼻尖位置、形态和鼻功能的影响,旨在探讨如何在不影响鼻部固有结构和功能的前提下,对鼻尖软骨、韧带等亚单元结构的空间排列进行仿生调整和移植,为建立符合解剖和生理功能的鼻尖成形技术寻求理论基础。

关键词： 腋动脉   臂丛   解剖学   神经走行   变异  

摘要： 笔者在标本解剖操作观察腋窝结构时发现1例左侧腋动脉与臂丛神经位置及走行出现变异,既往文献报道的变异多为腋动脉发出的分支与臂丛神经之间的位置与走行之间变异^([1-3]),本次解剖观察发现腋动脉与臂丛神经的内侧束、外侧束和后束之间的位置关系出现变异,与既往报道有所不同,现报告如下。

关键词： Neurocognition   Schizophrenia   Cluster Analysis   Cortical Thinning   Neuroanatomy  

摘要： Background: Cortical thinning may index the neurobiological pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, case-control studies ignore the neurobiological, symptomatic, and cognitive heterogeneity of the illness. To organize heterogeneity, unsupervised machine learning approaches can derive neuroanatomical subgroups with cortical thickness data and identify clinical and cognitive correlates. Methods: Demographic, clinical (PANSS), cognitive (MCCB) and functional competence (COALS) measurements were collected from 63 healthy controls and 73 patients diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. They underwent 3T MRI scans, which provided 148 regional thickness values with FreeSurfer. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using Ward’s method with Euclidean distance on age-corrected thickness values. The optimal number of clusters was determined by 16 validity indices. Results: 12/16 validity indices suggested 2 clusters. The first subgroup (n1=53) was primarily composed of patients (75%), displayed significantly thinning cortex across 110/148 regions (p<0.001;84/148 regions with Bonferroni correction), and was more cognitive impaired than the other group (MCCB 30.23 vs. 37.84). Approximately two-thirds of subgroup 2 (n2=83) were healthy controls. Despite displaying similar cortical thickness, patients were more cognitively impaired than controls in subgroup 2 (MCCB 29.36 vs. 43.44) Conclusions: Cortical thinning is associated with cognitive impairment, but only in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients. Cognitive impairment is present in patients with normal-range cortical thickness, which implies a partial dissociation between cognition and this aspect of brain structure. The findings illustrate the potential value of generating neuroanatomical subtypes to pursue novel hypotheses about the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Supported By: CIHR Keywords: Neurocognition, Schizophrenia, Cluster Analysis, Cortical Thinning, Neuroanatomy

关键词： 现代科技   人体解剖   教学改革   改革途径  

摘要： 随着我国科技的不断发展,各项新技术在各行各业中都得到了广泛应用。特别是各类现代科技与医学相结合,提高了各类医学检测和手术的精准度,也降低了病人的痛苦。本文结合现代科技手段提出对人体解剖学教学的改革措施,以期为相关人员提供参考。

关键词： 食管胃接合处   解剖学   局部   食管肿瘤   胃肿瘤   胃切除术  

摘要： 食管胃结合部肿瘤的外科治疗在手术入路、清扫范围、切除范围等方面尚存在较多争议,对食管胃结合部范围的认知差异是造成这一现象的主要原因。该部位现有的解剖学阐述已无法满足临床实践的需要。基于大量基础解剖和临床操作,食管胃结合部可能是由完整、单独的食管胃结合部膜所包裹的有独立解剖结构的移行组织,从黏膜下静脉分布入手,可以了解该区域组织移行变化的意义及其与临床操作的关系,根据这些解剖特点,可以对当前的争议进行合理的分析,期待与同道一起进一步深入研究。

关键词： 翻转课堂   人体解剖学教学   满意度   评判性思维  

摘要： 目的:探索翻转课堂教学模式下学生对教师的授课满意度和学生的评判性思维能力变化。方法:从2017年和2018年入学五年制护理专业一年级班级中随机各抽取一个班,分别作为对照班和实验班进行实验。对照班采用传统教学模式授课,实验班采用翻转课堂与传统教学模式相结合的方法授课。比较传统教学模式和翻转课堂教学模式下,对照班和实验班学生对教师的授课满意度以及学生的评判性思维能力变化。结果:实验班对教师授课满意度明显高于对照班(P<0.05),实验班和对照班学生评判性思维能力测评分数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:翻转课堂教学模式可以提高学生对教师的授课满意度并且可以提高学生的评判性思维能力。

关键词： 护理专业   人体结构学课程   教学设计   信息化  

摘要： 在互联网及计算机技术不断发展下,怎样将其充分应用在护理专业的人体解剖学教学中已经成为所有教师亟须解决的关键问题。文章通过云班课模式、微课模式以及仿真模拟软件等进行教学设计探究,以期促使学生能够利用碎片时间预习、学习和复习,保证学习效果。

关键词： Theory of mind   Social cognition   Social intelligence   Caudate   Voxel-based morphometry  

摘要： Social interactions are a crucial aspect of human behaviour. Numerous neurophysiological studies have focused on socio-cognitive processes associated with the so-called theory of mind-the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Theory of mind is closely related to social intelligence defined as a set of abilities that facilitate effective social interactions. Social intelligence encompasses multiple theory of mind components and can be measured by the Four Factor Test of Social Intelligence (the Guilford-Sullivan test). However, it is unclear whether the differences in social intelligence are reflected in structural brain differences. During the experiment, 48 healthy right-handed individuals completed the Guilford-Sullivan test. T1-weighted structural MRI images were obtained for all participants. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to reveal grey matter volume differences between the two groups (24 subjects in each)-with high social intelligence scores and with low social intelligence scores, respectively. Participants with high social intelligence scores had larger grey matter volumes of the bilateral caudate. The obtained results suggest the caudate nucleus involvement in the neural system of socio-cognitive processes, reflected by its structural characteristics.

关键词： Vestibular nerve   Semicircular canals   Otolith organs   Vestibular tests   Vestibular neuritis  

摘要： Human temporal bone studies have described the distribution of afferent fibers from each of the five organelles in the labyrinth. Data from vestibular tests in patients with vestibular neuritis can be abnormal in almost any pattern. We propose a unified explanation for these patterns, based on histological and neuroanatomical factors.

关键词： Alzheimer&apos   s disease   diet   magnetic resonance imaging   non‐   human primate   psychological stress  

摘要： Introduction Associations between diet, psychosocial stress, and neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been reported, but causal relationships are difficult to determine in human studies. Methods We used structural magnetic resonance imaging in a well-validated non-human primate model of AD-like neuropathology to examine the longitudinal effects of diet (Mediterranean vs Western) and social subordination stress on brain anatomy, including global volumes, cortical thicknesses and volumes, and 20 individual regions of interest (ROIs). Results Western diet resulted in greater cortical thicknesses, total brain volumes, and gray matter, and diminished cerebrospinal fluid and white matter volumes. Socially stressed subordinates had smaller whole brain volumes but larger ROIs relevant to AD than dominants. Discussion The observation of increased size of AD-related brain areas is consistent with similar reports of mid-life volume increases predicting increased AD risk later in life. While the biological mechanisms underlying the findings require future investigation, these observations suggest that Western diet and psychosocial stress instigate pathologic changes that increase risk of AD-associated neuropathology, whereas the Mediterranean diet may protect the brain.