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关键词： 课程思政   人体解剖学   价值塑造  

摘要： 人体解剖学是非常重要的一门基础医学课程,是学习基础医学和临床医学中不可动摇的基石,蕴藏着非常丰富的思政元素。高校学生的人生观、价值观和世界观正好处于非常关键的阶段,所以需要教师进行合理的指引。在人体解剖学课程教学中合理渗透思政课,全面梳理人体解剖学课程中所蕴藏的思想政治教育元素和具备的思想政治教育功能,更好的将思想政治教育与课程知识体系融合在一起,充分凸显出人体解剖学课程的育人功能,这样才能够更好的实现立德树人、价值塑造和能力培养的重要目标。本文通过具体论述开展人体解剖学课程思政的可行性、树立“课程思政”教育理念,并根据实际情况提出人体解剖学教学中思政元素的融入结合点,促使高校学生逐步形成正确的人生观和价值观、世界观,让学生更好的满足岗位要求。

关键词： Autism   Neuroanatomy   Machine Learning   Subtypes   Schizophrenia  

摘要： Background: Autism brain heterogeneity confounds case-control comparisons. We parsed neuroanatomical subtypes of autism using machine learning methods, compared them with controls, and analyzed similarities with recently published neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia. Methods: T1-weighted MR images of 286 patients with autism (16-45[23.4±6.7] years, 253 males) and 339 matched healthy controls (16-45[24.0±6.4] years, 287 males), from the ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange) consortium, were examined. Multi-atlas segmentation extracted 145 regions of interest, comprising grey matter, white matter, and ventricles. A semi-supervised machine learning method, HYDRA (Heterogeneity through Discriminative Analysis) was trained to obtain neuroanatomical subtypes, which were then compared to the two neuroanatomical schizophrenia subtypes previously discovered in the PHENOM (Psychosis Heterogeneity Evaluated via Dimensional Neuroimaging; N=671) consortium. Results: Three reproducible neuroanatomical subtypes of autism were identified: the first (A1; 32%) showing widespread reduction in brain volume excluding ventricles, the second (A2; 24%) showing larger basal ganglia and internal capsule, and the third (A3; 35%) showing widespread increases in volume especially frontal and supratemporal grey matter. The A1 signature was enriched in and spatially correlated selectively with the first schizophrenia subtype (r=0.43, p<0.001), while A2 was enriched in and spatially correlated with the second subtype (r=0.57, p<0.001); A3 was negatively correlated with both subtypes (r's<-0.20, p's<0.02). Training a separate model with autism and schizophrenia patients combined produced three comparable subtypes, indicating their robustness across both diagnoses. Conclusions: Three novel neuroanatomical subtypes of autism were revealed using state-of-the-art machine learning, two of which partially aligned with schizophrenia subtypes while the third was unique to autism. Supported By: N

关键词： 新冠肺炎疫情   医学教育   思政教育   在线教学  

摘要： 2019年底,新冠肺炎疫情蔓延全球,医护人员是这场特殊战役的勇敢战士。医学院校作为培养未来医护的摇篮,应结合疫情的时效性,增强课程思政教育的针对性,培养医学生的职业价值观。在非常时期通过线上把思政教育与局部解剖学课程教学相结合,在稳步开展专业教学的同时,发挥思政教育立德树人的重要作用。课程结束后,问卷调查结果显示,49.48%的学生认为提高了医生的职业感,期末考试结果表明96.3%的学生成绩合格。

关键词： 临床医学   神经解剖学   混合式教学  

摘要： 《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》中明确提出,应“把教育信息化纳入国家信息化发展整体战略”“加强网络教学资源体系建设,开发网络学习课程”等要求。本文以临床医学专业神经解剖学课程为例,针对线上线下混合式教学模式的课程目标、教学方法等课程建构思路进行大体分析,围绕课前教学准备、教学内容设计、线上教学管理、线下教学管理与课程考核评价五个层面,探讨了混合式教学模式在神经解剖学课程教学中的实践应用,并结合问题给出相关建议,以期为课程改革的具体实施提供参考价值。

关键词： 系统解剖学   在线教学   智慧树   腾讯课堂  

摘要： 在系统解剖学课程中采用"智慧树+腾讯课堂"的混合式在线教学模式,以顺应信息时代的发展,有效发挥教师主导、学生主体作用,进一步提高教学质量,培养医学生的自主学习能力、创新能力。

关键词： 局部解剖学   传统教学   优慕课   教学效果  

摘要： 目的:应用优慕课教育网络平台,比较局部解剖学“线上+线下”教学模式与传统课堂教学模式的教学效果,探讨优慕课教育网络平台线上教学对局部解剖学传统教学的辅助效果。方法:随机选择2018级两个临床本科班作为研究对象,教改班和对照班分别采用“线上+线下”教学模式与传统课堂教学模式进行授课。结果:教改班考试平均成绩明显高于对照班(P<0.05);教改班内成绩优秀者参与线上教学活动量显著多于成绩一般者(P<0.05)。结论:在局部解剖学课程中应用优慕课教育网络平台线上教学可以更好地辅助传统教学,教学效果良好。

关键词： network.   anatomy   packed  

摘要： Dissecting inter-regional connectivity at the cellular level is a key step towards understanding the functional operation scheme of a complex brain network. Large numbers of highly heterogeneous neurons are often packed within a small region.

关键词： 踝关节   隐神经   腓浅神经   腓肠神经   应用解剖  

摘要： 目的研究隐神经、腓浅神经、腓肠神经在踝关节周围的走行位置、毗邻关系,为临床踝关节周围皮神经阻滞麻醉提供解剖学依据。方法采用局部解剖学实验教学用尸体标本15例,观察隐神经、腓浅神经、腓肠神经在踝关节周围的位置及毗邻关系,测量神经压扁径,在内外踝尖连线上测量神经至内外踝尖或跟腱边缘的距离。结果隐神经在内外踝最高点的连线上,位于大隐静脉外侧,压扁径(0.342±0.14)cm,距内踝尖(1.857±0.17)cm,距外踝尖(6.838±0.32)cm;腓浅神经在内外踝最高点的连线上,压扁径(0.264±0.13)cm,距内踝尖(5.334±0.33)cm,距外踝尖(4.424±0.46)cm;腓肠神经在踝关节周围,位于外踝沟处、小隐静脉外侧,压扁径(0.250±0.12)cm,距跟腱边缘(2.745±0.21)cm,距外踝尖(2.660±0.16)cm。结论依据隐神经、腓浅神经、腓肠神经在踝关节周围至内外踝尖或跟腱边缘的距离、压扁径、毗邻结构关系,可提高皮神经阻滞麻醉的精准度,减少对其他组织的损伤,具有一定的临床参考意义。

关键词： MR Structural Imaging   Schizotypy   Psychosis Continuum   Meta-Analysis   Cortical Thickness  

摘要： Background: Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. Methods: The sample comprised 2,952 unmedicated healthy individuals (12-68 years, 46.5% male) from 26 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Results: Cortical thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) showed a significant positive correlation with schizotypy scores (r=.07, pFDR=.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ (r=.33, pspin=.01), but not BD (r=.19, pspin=.16) or MDD (r=-.22, pspin=.10). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho=-.65, pspin=.01), BD (rho=-.63, pspin=.01), and MDD (rho=-.69, pspin=.004). Conclusions: Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended ps

关键词： 瑜伽   三角式   腰部损伤   运动解剖学  

摘要： 随着瑜伽运动的不断普及,其健身价值受到了人们的认可和推崇。然而,初学者往往缺乏对瑜伽的深刻理解。盲目追求“体式完美”或“体式难度”,以及个别瑜伽教练对学员习练安全性的忽视等多种因素,常常导致身体伤害的发生。该文从运动解剖学角度对瑜伽经典体式——三角伸展式(Utthita Trikonasana)进行分析,探讨因体式习练不当造成的身体伤害问题,剖析造成损伤的原因,并提出正确习练的建议和方法。