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关键词： 距腓前韧带   跟腓韧带   变异   应用解剖  

摘要： 目的观察距腓前韧带(ATFL)与跟腓韧带(CFL)的解剖学特征,为踝关节损伤后,影像学精确诊断及外科治疗提供参考依据。方法60例(左侧35例,右侧25例)结构完整的成人下肢标本,解剖其踝关节,测量AT-FL、CFL的长度及中间宽度;测量CFL的长轴与腓骨长轴之间形成的锐角α;测量CFL长轴与ATFL长轴之间的夹角β。结果(1)根据ATFL所含条带数量,将ATFL分为:单条带型38例,其长度与中间宽度分别是(20.28±9.44)mm、(8.85±2.92)mm;双条带型20例,其上、下韧带的长度分别是(18.36±2.74)mm、(13.33±2.70)mm,二者呈正相关(P=0.006,r=0.636);三条带型2例。(2)CFL为单条带型58例,双条带型2例;CFL的长度与中间宽度分别是(25.39±7.07)mm、(5.76±2.45)mm。(3)α介于20°~30°19例,30°~40°25例,40°~50°16例;β介于100°~110°13例,110°~120°16例,120°~130°26例,>130°5例;α与β在数量上无相关性(P=0.325,r=0.169)。结论对ATFL与CFL的解剖学分型,是对既往研究的补充。当发生踝关节外侧面损伤时,ATFL与CFL的相关参数,是外科修复或韧带重建时重要的参考依据。

关键词： Multiple sclerosis   Social cognition   Theory of mind   Faux Pas Test   'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test   Cortical thickness  

摘要： Background Theory of mind (ToM) is one of the several different concepts in social cognition and is defined as the ability to access the mental states of others or to adopt the point of view of others. Although studies have shown that ToM is impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), the results based on individual ToM tasks are conflicting;some studies have shown deficits only in the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (RMET), while others have reported poor performance in the Faux Pas Test (FPT) as well as RMET. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between ToM performance and neuroanatomical characteristics in MS. This study investigated ToM impairment and its relationship to regional brain volume or cortical thickness in people with MS. Methods This cross-sectional study included 20 participants with relapse-onset MS and 27 age- and sexmatched volunteers as healthy controls (HC). All the participants underwent neuropsychological (NP) tests as well as ToM tasks, including RMET and FPT. Participants with MS underwent brain MRI within 6 months before and after undergoing the NP and ToM tests. Regional volume of subcortical structures or cortical thickness were analysed based on 3D T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer software. Results Both RMET and FPT scores were significantly lower in participants with MS than in HC (p = 0.0049, p = 0.0071, respectively). Imaging analyses showed that FPT scores, but not RMET scores, were positively correlated with the right thalamus (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.012) and left pallidum (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.0021) volumes after adjusting for age. Furthermore, surface-based morphometry revealed significant correlation between ageadjusted cortical thickness of ten cortical areas, including the fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal-parietal junction, and superior temporal gyrus, and FPT scores. Conclusions These study findings showed that both RMET and FPT performances are impaired in participants with MS. Furthermore, FPT

ISBN: (纸本)9787030701138

摘要： 骨骼系统三维图;头颈部层面图;胸部层面图;腹部层面图;盆腔层面图;血管系统;正常恒河猴CT影像特点及与人类的不同。

关键词： Schizophrenia   Schizoaffective   Radiomic   Metaheuristic   Classifier  

摘要： Objectives: Schizophrenia (SZ) is the most chronic disabling psychotic brain disorder. It is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations, as well as impairments in memory. Schizoaffective (SA) signs are co-morbid with SZ and are characterized by symptoms of SZ and mood disorder. Various researches suggest that SZ and SA share a number of equally severe cognitive deficits, but the pathophysiology has not yet been addressed in a comprehensive way. In this work, the heterogeneity in whole brain, ventricle and cerebellum region from psychotic MR brain images is examined using Machine learning and radiomic features. Materials and methods: T1 weighted MR brain images are obtained from Schizconnect database for the analysis. The shape prior level set method is used to segment the ventricle and cerebellum structures. The radiomic features which include shape and texture are extracted from these regions to discriminate the SZ and SA subjects. The performance of these features is evaluated with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) classifier. Results: The shape constrained Level Set method is able to better segment ventricles and cerebellum regions from the images. The significant features that are extracted from whole brain, ventricle and cerebellum are identified by the BPSO based FSVM. The combination of radiomic features extracted from cerebellum region achieved high classification accuracy (90.09%) using metaheuristic algorithm. The extracted features from cerebellum are correlated with PANSS score. The causal analysis shows that there is an association been the tissue texture variation in identifying the disease severity. The symmetry analysis shows that left brain mean area is larger than the right side area. In particular SA has low cerebellum area compared to SZ. The radiomic features such as Hermite, Laws and tensor extracted from the left cerebellum show a significant texture variation in all the considered

关键词： Spirituality   MRI   Altruism   Love of neighbor   Depression   High Risk  

摘要： We prospectively investigate protective benefits against depression of cortical thickness across nine regions of a Ventral Frontotemporal Network (VFTN), previously associated with spiritual experience. Seventy-two participants at high and low risk for depression (Mean age 41 years;22-63 years;40 high risk, 32 low risk) were drawn from a three-generation, thirty-eight year study. FreeSurfer estimated cortical thickness over anatomical MRIs of the brain (Year 30) for each of the nine ROIs. Depression (MDD with SAD-L;symptoms with PHQ;Years 30 and 38) and spirituality (self-report on five phenotypes;Year 35), respectively, were associated with the weighted average of nine regions of interest. VFTN thickness was: 1) positively associated (p<0.01) with two of five spiritual phenotypes, altruism and love of neighbor, interconnectedness at a trend level, but neither commitment nor practice, 2) inversely associated with a diagnosis of MDD (SADS-L Year 30, for any MDD in the past ten years), and 3) prospectively neuroanatomically protective against depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 Year 38) for those at high familial risk.

关键词： 人体解剖学   中职教学   临床操作技术  

摘要： 人体解剖学作为所有医学专业学生最基础的专业必修课之一,对于医学的贡献不可谓不高。但与此同时,人体解剖学基于人体结构复杂、专业名词较多,记忆量较大等原因,对于初次接触医学专业,尤其是中职阶段的学生而言,操作困难较大,容易使学生产生抵触情绪和畏难心理。同时,由于人体解剖学课程与后期的临床操作课程之间的时间间隔过长,学生对于人体解剖学的相关专业知识已经有所遗忘,造成了基础教学和应用操作上的脱节,不利于学生的专业学习。因此,教师应当改变教学方法,提高教学质量,将临床操作技术引入人体解剖学当中。