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关键词： Metals   Skin   Sensor arrays   Biomedical monitoring   Robot sensing systems   Temperature sensors   Electronic skin (e-skin)   flexible and stretchable device   multimodal sensor   sensor network   wearable device  

摘要： Electronic skin (e-skin) is designed to mimic the comprehensive nature of human skin. Various advances in e-skin continue to drive the development of the multimodal tactile sensor technology on flexible and stretchable platforms. e-skin incorporates pressure, temperature, texture, photographic imaging, and other sensors as well as data acquisition and signal processing units formed on a soft substrate for humanoid robots, wearable devices, and health monitoring electronics that are the most critical applications of soft electronics. This artificial skin has developed very rapidly toward becoming real technology. However, the complex nature of e-skin technology presents significant challenges in terms of materials, devices, sophisticated integration methods, and interference-free data acquisition. These challenges range from functional materials, device architecture, pixel design, array structure, and data acquisition method to multimodal sensing performance with negligible interference. In this article, we present recent research trends and approaches in the field of flexible and stretchable multimodal sensors for e-skin focusing on the following aspects: 1) flexible and stretchable platforms;2) operating principles and materials suitable for pressure, temperature, strain, photograph, and hairy sensor devices;3) device and integration architectures, including multimodal single cells, three-axis tactile sensors, vertical-stacked sensor arrays, active matrix sensor arrays, and integration electronics;4) reliable acquisition methods for various texture sensing and machine-learning algorithms for processing tactile sensing data;and 5) future outlook.

关键词： alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter   Cat8   hybrid-promoter architecture   novel-engineered promoter variant   nucleosome optimization   Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii)   synthetic binding site  

摘要： The aim of this work is to increase recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris over the ethanol utilization pathway under novel-engineered promoter variants (NEPVs) of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter (P-ADH2) through the generation of novel regulatory circuits. The NEPVs were designed by engineering of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) determined by in silico analyses and manual curation systematically, by (a) single-handedly replacement of specified TFBSs with synthetic motifs for Mxr1, Cat8, and Aca1 binding, and synthetic TATA-box integration;and, (b) nucleosome optimization. PADH2-Cat8-L2 and PADH2-Cat8-L1 designed by the integration of synthetic Cat8 binding sites were superior, and then PADH2-NucOpt. Compared to that with P-ADH2 at t = 20 hr of the fermentations, PADH2-Cat8-L2 allowed the highest increase in enhanced green fluorescent protein expression as 4.8-fold on ethanol and 3.8-fold on methanol;and, PADH2-NucOpt upregulated the expression 1.5-fold on ethanol and enhanced 3.2-fold on methanol. Using the superior two tools, Cat8-L2 and NucOpt, we designed PADH2-NucOpt-Cat8-L2. With PADH2-NucOpt-Cat8-L2, the expression in the fermentation of ethanol was upregulated 3.7-fold that is distinctly higher than that with PADH2-NucOpt but lower than that with PADH2-Cat8-L2;while on methanol compared to that with P-ADH2, the expression was enhanced 8.8-fold. Extracellular recombinant human serum albumin production was also studied with PADH2-Cat8-L2 and PADH2-NucOpt, and average recombinant human serum albumin yield (Y-P/X) on ethanol was 1.13 and 0.38 mg/g(WCW,) respectively;whereas with P-ADH2, Y-P/X was 0.26 mg/g(WCW). We conclude that as upregulation of transcription and enhanced expression correlate with the sequence of synthetic motifs and their location in the hybrid-promoter architectures of NEPVs in coordination with trans-acting factors, which are the design parameters in the engineering of binding sites;the NEPVs generated promising recom

关键词： object-oriented methods   program testing   OO systems   object-oriented systems   core systems   test case generation   software testing   OO software systems   contextual demand-based TCG   test paths   ATM system   demand-based TCG   monetary cost   sequence diagrams   flexible approach  

摘要： The object-oriented (OO) systems have emerged as the core systems in every field. Test case generation (TCG) for these systems has been identified as one of the crucial activity of software testing. Many researchers have been working in the area of TCG to raise the quality and effectiveness of the OO software systems. It is impossible to test the system exhaustively because of limitations of time, monetary cost and human efforts involved in the process of generation of all test cases. Presently, there is no adequate method that considers the contextual demand for the generation of test cases. Therefore, this study proposes a contextual demand-based TCG for OO systems using test paths or scenarios of sequence diagrams (SDs). Unlike the existing approaches, the proposed method considers flexible approach for generation of test cases as per the contextual demand. For the implementation of the proposed technique, two case studies, i.e. the sample SD and the SD of automated teller machine (ATM) system, have been considered. The evaluation of the proposed method showed the significant consideration of the user demand for generating the final test cases.

关键词： XML   Unified Modeling Language   program compilers   Java   software tools   formal verification   UML modelling tools   Unified Modelling Language   modelling software systems   modelling tasks   58 UML tools   modelling viewpoints   tool integration   11 UML tools   17 tools   viewpoint management   6 tools support project management   tool developers   code generation   UML models  

摘要： Unified Modelling Language (UML) is essentially a de-facto standard for software modeling and supported with many modeling tools. In this study, 58 UML tools have been analysed for modelling viewpoints, analysis, transformation & export, collaboration, tool integration, scripting, project management, and knowledge management. The analysis results reveal important findings: (i) 11 UML tools support multiple viewpoints, (ii) 17 tools support large-viewpoint management, (iii) Umple and Reactive Blocks support formal verification, (iv) 9 tools support the simulation of activity diagrams, (v) while 14 tools check pre-defined well-formedness rules, 8 of them support user-defined rules, (vi) 16 tools support scripting, (vii) 29 tools support code-generation and 18 of them support round-trip engineering, (viii) Java is the top popular language, (ix) 38 tools export UML models as image, 32 tools export as HTML, and 32 tools export as XML/XMI, (x) 17 tools enable versioning and 13 of them support multi-user access, (xi) 15 tools support the plug-in extensions and 12 tools support the IDE integration, (xii) 6 tools support project management, and (xiii) while most tools provide user-manuals, interactive guidance is rarely supported. The results will be helpful for practitioners in choosing the right tool(s) and the tool developers in determining the weaknesses/strengths.

关键词： Systematic literature review   Business process management   Process models   Process map   Process landscape  

摘要： Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the current state of the research field of business process architecture (BPA) and its design methodologies. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using meta- and content-based perspectives. Findings From over 6,000 candidate studies, 89 were selected. A fifth of these primary works corresponded to BPA design methodologies. Though the BPA research field remains in an early stage of development, it bears promising growth potential. Regarding BPA design methodologies, the following aspects susceptible for further research were detected: identification and modeling of business process relationships;specification of inputs;standardization of models, notations and tool support;consideration of managerial concerns;integration of knowledge from other areas;and validation of methodological and product quality aspects. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge no study has yet analyzed the BPA research field by means of an SLR. This study will benefit practitioners and research groups working on this topic by allowing them to get a rigorous overview of the BPA research field with an emphasis on available BPA design methodologies, and become aware of research gaps within the BPA field to position further research.

关键词： 道路桥梁设计   结构化设计   应用  

摘要： 若想加强现代化经济建设水平必然离不开基础设施,而道路桥梁则是其中的重点,能否实现设计与使用相一致,对经济发展目标的达成起到直接性影响。对此,相关设计人员应科学分析工程项目,进一步明确相关结构化设计模型与计算方法,提高各类道路桥梁的结构设计水平,可以让其结构化设计更为安全稳定的服务于生产生活。