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关键词： 形式化方法   软件方法学   形式化的软件开发  

摘要： 软件工程中的形式化方法是以数学理论为基础,建立的一种用来解决软件工程领域问题的系统性分析方法。形式化方法通过具有明确语义的形式语言来描述目标软件系统的行为和特征,为目标系统开发提供了一个模型化的有效设计和分析途径,保障了系统的安全性和可靠性。本文简单介绍了形式化方法的研究内容及分类,在软件方法学的研究背景下,对形式化方法在软件系统开发每一个阶段的应用进行了详细分析和综合评价。

关键词： 软件工程   课程思政   创新意识   科学素养  

摘要： 为更好地将专业教育与思政教育有机融合,充分发挥专业课程的育人功能,各学校积极开展课程思政教学改革试点工作,逐步形成“大思政”教育体系。以专业主干课程软件工程为例,在分析教学内容和目标基础上,从科学素养培养、创新意识强化、生活处事哲理灌输等方面阐述了该课程开展课程思政的着眼点,并分别从教学内容设计、教学方法改革和教学评价改进等方面详细分享了开展课程思政的经验和做法。实践表明,上述措施切实加强了学生科学素养、法治素养、民族自信和创新意识的培养,达到了课程思政教育的目的,取得了较为满意的效果。

关键词： Design   Modelling   UML   OCL   VCL   Diagrams   Experiment  

摘要： The graphical nature of prominent modelling notations, such as the standards UML and SysML, enables them to tap into the cognitive benefits of diagrams. However, these notations hardly exploit the cognitive potential of diagrams and are only partially graphical with invariants and operations being expressed textually. The Visual Contract Language (VCL) aims at improving visual modelling;it tries to (a) maximise diagrammatic cognitive effectiveness, (b) increase visual expressivity, and (c) level of rigour and formality. It is an alternative to UML that does largely pictorially what is traditionally done textually. The paper presents the results of a controlled experiment carried out four times in different academic settings and involving 43 participants, which compares VCL against UML and OCL and whose goal is to provide insight on benefits and limitations of visual modelling. The paper's hypotheses are evaluated using a crossover design with the following tasks: (i) modelling of state space, invariants and operations, (ii) comprehension of modelled problem, (iii) detection of model defects and (iv) comprehension of a given model. Although visual approaches have been used and advocated for decades, this is the first empirical investigation looking into the effects of graphical expression of invariants and operations on modelling and model usage tasks. Results suggest VCL benefits in defect detection, model comprehension, and modelling of operations, providing some empirical evidence on the benefits of graphical software design.

关键词： SuDS   decision-making   Soft Systems   ANP   modelling   stakeholder  

摘要： Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) have gained popularity over the last few decades as an effective and optimal solution for urban drainage systems to cope with continuous population growth and urban sprawl. A SuDS provides not only resilience to pluvial flooding but also multiple other benefits, ranging from amenity improvement to enhanced ecological and social well-being. SuDS modelling is used as a tool to understand these complex interactions and to inform decision makers. Major developments in SuDS modelling techniques have occurred in the last decade, with advancement from simple lumped or conceptual models to very complex fully distributed tools. Several software packages have been developed specifically to support planning and implementation of SuDS. These often require extensive amounts of data and calibration to reach an acceptable level of accuracy. However, in many cases, simple models may fulfil the aims of a stakeholder if its priorities are well understood. This work implements the soft system engineering and Analytic Network Process (ANP) approaches in a methodological framework to improve the understanding of the stakeholders within the SuDS system and their key priorities, which leads to selecting the appropriate modelling technique according to the end-use application.

关键词： enhancement-mode FET   depletion-mode FET   ultrawide band gap   two-dimensional material   gallium oxide  

摘要： Ultrawide band gap (UWBG) beta-Ga2O3 is a promising material for next-generation power electronic devices. An enhancement-mode (E-mode) device is essential for designing power conversion systems with simplified circuitry and minimal loss. The integration of an E-mode field-effect transistor (FET) with a depletion-mode (D-mode) FET can build a high-performance logic circuit. In this study, we first demonstrated the realization of an E-mode quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) beta-Ga2O3 FET with a novel graphene gate architecture via a van der Waals heterojunction. Then, we monolithically integrated it with a D-mode quasi-2D beta-Ga2O3 FET, achieving an area-efficient logic circuit. The threshold voltage of the n-channel UWBG beta-Ga2O3 material was controlled by forming a novel architecture of a double-gate graphene/beta-Ga2O3 heterojunction, where both graphene and beta-Ga2O3 were obtained by a mechanical exfoliation method. The fabricated double graphene-gate beta-Ga2O3 metal-semiconductor FET (MESFET) was operated in the E-mode with a positive threshold voltage of +0.25 V, which is approximately 1.2 V higher than that of a single-gate D-mode beta-Ga2O3 MESFET. Both E-/D-modes beta-Ga2O3 MESFETs showed excellent electrical characteristics with a subthreshold swing of 68.9 and 84.6 mV/dec, respectively, and a high on/off current ratio of approximately 10(7). A beta-Ga2O3 logic inverter composed of E-/D-mode beta-Ga2O3 devices exhibited desired inversion characteristics. The monolithic integration of an E-/D-mode quasi-2D FET with an UWBG channel layer can pave the way for various applications in smart and robust power (nano) electronics.

关键词： 软件工程   教学质量   保障体系  

摘要： 现阶段软件工程专业在实践教学中的问题较多,最明显的就是缺乏完整的质量保障体系,过程管理不符合标准,评价方法不合理等。针对软件工程专业质量管理模式展开分析,全面调研企业对实用型人才的标准要求,始终贯彻实用型软件工程人才创新目标,组建可控化实践教学质量保障体系。研究证实,这项体系的建立充分挖掘了学生对于学习的热爱,提高自身实践及创新技能,应用效果明显。

关键词： 软件工程   案例教学   新工科建设  

摘要： 软件工程是面向实践开发的基础理论学科。在实际教学实践中,因绝大部分本科生并不具备实际项目开发经验,所以在教师讲解相关知识点时,学生无法对软件开发过程中所面临的问题有正确认识和理解。针对这一软件工程课程教学的实际问题,本研究提出了"一体两翼"的教学模式,即以《国标》软件工程专业人才培养目标为主体,教学平台与教学案例设计为两翼的教学模式。该教学模式的优势在于:从资源建设角度,学生在学习过程中生成的数据可直接用于构建教学案例,减少案例构建的成本;从学生学习角度,因学生直接参与教学案例的构建,不仅教学案例的领域贴近学生实际便于理解,而且学生参与也有助于提升案例教学的效果。

关键词： 新工科   软件工程   实践能力培养   产教融合   协同育人  

摘要： 分析"新工科"建设内涵,研究软件工程专业人才培养的能力要求,构建新工科背景下软件工程专业实践能力培养体系,结合天津科技大学的实际情况,阐述近几年的实践及取得的成效,为探索地方院校"新工科"背景软件工程专业人才培养模式改革进行有益尝试。