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关键词： 口译   跨文化交际   高低语境文化  

摘要： 今天，中国已经成为世界主要大国之一，中文讲话也越来越多地被翻译成各国语言，向世界传递中国声音。这无疑为身处对外交流前线的翻译提出更高的要求。虽然翻译学科研究，尤其是口译领域的研究近年来越来越受重视，也越来越深入，甚至采取跨学科路径来研究口译行为，丰富口译策略，但是这仍不足以解决译员在口译中面临的困难。笔者从一次汉英交传口译实践中发现，中英之间巨大的文化差异是口译这一跨文化行为开展得异常艰难的主要原因之一。 中文作为高语境文化，交流中往往引用大量古文或习语，使用中式特色表达，并能在一定程度上体现意识形态。但这些信息都需要译者采用一定的口译策略处理，才能被低语境文化的英语听众理解。笔者研究了王斌华教授的即时双语信息处理论发现，其提出了口译话语多模态特征，表明口译的意义传达应包含言语信息，副语言信息和非语言信息，这对于高语境文化到低语境文化口译实践极具指导意义。因此，本文以跨文化交际的视角审视口译行为后提出，推理、省略、近似表达、中性模糊表达、增补等策略，可以有效帮助译员提升高语境文化到低语境文化的口译实践质量。

关键词： 英语专业   专业独特性   语言能力   人文教育   思辨能力   跨文化交际   科学素养  

摘要： 英语专业赖以生存的是五大培养目标：扎实的英语语言基础；系统的英语文学语言知识；深厚的人文素养；较强的思辨能力和跨文化交际能力。但是研究发现，这五大目标或支柱由于没有专业独特性难以支撑英语专业这个大厦。英语专业从某种意义上已成为一种通识教育，而非专业教育，培养的是通用性人才，而非专业性人才。由于失去了专业独特性，英语专业自然满足不了社会需求。我们认为，这是英语专业定位的偏差。要改变去语境化去专业化的弊病，首先要把英语专业改名为具体专业，这样才能从笼统的专业变成有学科支撑，满足各种社会需要的具体专业。新颁布的《普通高等学校本科英语专业教学指南》并没有很好地解决这些问题。

关键词： light guides   magnetic field   spectra  

摘要： The purpose of this work was to characterize the stem-effect signal and the Cerenkov light ratio (CLR) in various light guides as functions of measurement geometry and magnetic field strength. Two PMMA-, two silica-, and one polystyrene-based light guides were considered in this work. Spectra measurements were performed as functions of depth, fiber-beam angle, and magnetic field strength using an optical spectrometer. All measurements were performed using a clinical linear accelerator at a nominal photon beam energy of 6 MV. Depths ranging from 1 cm to 10 cm, fiber-beam angles ranging from 90 degrees to 30 degrees, and magnetic field strengths ranging from 0 T to +/- 1.40 T were investigated. The CLR was calculated from each spectrum by taking the ratio of the integral signal between 400 nm and 500 nm to the integral signal between 500 nm and 600 nm. A maximum increase of 80.5% in the stem-effect signal was observed in the magnetic field. Variations in spectral shape and, consequently, the CLR were observed for all of the fibers as functions of magnetic field strength and measurement geometry, particularly for wavelengths less than 400 nm. The plastic fibers exhibited decreases in the CLR as a function of magnetic field strength at all depths investigated, whereas the silica fibers exhibited increases in the CLR with decreasing magnetic field strength. A maximum variation of 11.1% in the CLR was observed for the polystyrene fiber due to the magnetic field. The sensitivity of the CLR to the magnetic field decreased as the fiber-beam angle decreased. The measured spectral response, shape, and CLR were found to be sensitive to the applied magnetic field strength and polarity where the variations in response were unique to each fiber.

关键词： Endoscopic   Direct repair   Lumbar spondylolysis   Pars defect   Minimally invasive surgery  

摘要： Background Multiple surgical procedures are applied in young patients with symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis when conservative treatments fail. Although the optimal surgical procedure option is controversial, the treatment paradigm has shifted from open surgery to minimally invasive spine surgery. To date, a limited number of studies on the feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic-assisted direct repair of pars defect have been carried out. Herein, for the first time, we retrospectively explore the outcomes of pars defect via percutaneous endoscopy. Methods We retrospectively examined young patients with spondylolysis treated using the percutaneous endoscopic-assisted direct repair of pars defect supplemented with autograft as well as percutaneous pedicle screw fixation between September 2014 and December 2018. Six patients with a mean age of 18.8 years were enrolled in the study. We used preoperatively computed tomographic (CT) scans to evaluate the size of pars defect, and graded disc degeneration using Pfirrmann's classification through magnetic resonance images (MRI). We assessed the clinical outcomes using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) as well as Visual Analogue Scale for back pain (VAS-B). Results Our findings revealed that pain intensity and function outcomes, including VAS-B, ODI, and SF-36 (PCS and MCS) scores, were markedly improved after surgery and at the final follow-up visit. The change in the gap distance of the pars defect was remarkably significant after surgery and during the follow-up period. Only one of the 12 pars repaired was reported as a non-union at the final follow-up visit. Moreover, no surgery-related complications were reported in any of the cases. Conclusion Percutaneous endoscopic-assisted direct repair of pars defect without general anesthesia, a minimally invasive treatment option, supplemented with autograft and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, could be a satisfying treatment alternat

关键词： 跨文化   语用问题   语境   交际策略  

摘要： 在经济全球化的当下发展趋势中,世界已经俨然成为著名传播学者麦克卢汉所预测的"地球村"概念,在这样的背景下,具有不同文化体系和底蕴的国家之家在进行一些跨文化互动的过程中,就需要充分利用双方都能够进行编解码的语言形成一个语境空间。在此过程中交际语用的重要性就得以凸显,运用恰当则会为交际增光添彩,运用不当则会造成跨文化交际的效果不佳。因此,本文将重点探究在语用学视域下在跨文化交际方面的运用不当和改正策略。

关键词： 跨文化交流   中西方文化差异   英语教学  

摘要： 英语教学的目的是为了实现跨文化交际,教师应该知道跨文化是英语教学中非常重要的环节,在教授语言的时候还可以传授学生 一些相关的文化知识。语言和文化有着不可分割的联系,只有把两者很好的结合起来,才可以很好掌握到语言学习的关键点。在英语教学实践 过程中,教师应当注重学生的文化意识以及培养学生跨文化交际的能力,更新改变课程设置以及充分利用各种资源。本文阐述了跨文化教学的 内容和必要性。分析了在英语教学过程中加入跨文化交际教学内容的重要性,又阐述了关于中西方文化之间的差别、中西方生存地理环境的差 别、中西方在宗教信仰上的差别、中西方在日常行为交往的差别、中西方节日方面的差别;又分析了英语跨文化交际教学的方法有:注释法、 融合法、比较法、实践法。本文从多方位、多角度浅析了对英语跨文化交际教学的思考。

关键词： 大学英语   跨文化交流   对策与思路  

摘要： 在经济全球化发展的今天,促进跨文化交流能力是很有必要的,但由于我国高职院校大学英语教学方式过于传统,且不注重文化背景的教学,严重限制学生跨文化交际能力.该文从目前大学英语教学现状为切入点,就如何加强高职院校学生大学英语跨文化交流能力,提出几点对策和思路.

关键词： 一带一路   ESP   教学改革   跨文化交际  

摘要： 随着"一带一路"改革的推进,国际化复合型ESP(English for Specific Purposes)汉英双语人才炙手可热。本文在分析院校开展ESP教学的现状及存在问题的基础上,提出从认知层面与行为层面两个角度完善ESP教学模式,旨在为各高校培养出适应未来发展需要的复合型ESP跨文化交际人才提供参考。