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关键词： clinical   GATE   Geant4   ion beam therapy   Independent dose calculation   Monte Carlo simulation  

摘要： Purpose GATE-RTion is a validated version of GATE for clinical use in the field of light ion beam therapy. This paper describes the GATE-RTion project and illustrates its potential through clinical applications developed in three European centers delivering scanned proton and carbon ion treatments. Methods GATE-RTion is a collaborative framework provided by the OpenGATE collaboration. It contains a validated GATE release based on a specific Geant4 version, a set of tools to integrate GATE into a clinical environment and a network for clinical users. Results Three applications are presented: Proton radiography at the Centre Antoine Lacassagne (Nice, France);Independent dose calculation for proton therapy at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester, UK);Independent dose calculation for protons and carbon ions at the MedAustron Ion Therapy center (Wiener Neustadt, Austria). Conclusions GATE-RTion builds the bridge between researchers and clinical users from the OpenGATE collaboration in the field of Light Ion Beam Therapy. The applications presented in three European facilities using three completely different machines (three different vendors, cyclotron- and synchrotron-based systems, protons, and carbon ions) demonstrate the relevance and versatility of this project.

关键词： CBCT   collimator   flat panel   Gamma camera   SPECT  

摘要： Purpose Interventional procedures involving radionuclides (e.g., radioembolization) would benefit from single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed in the intervention room because the activity distribution could be immediately visualized. We believe it might be possible to perform SPECT with the C-arm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner present in the intervention room by equipping the x-ray flat panel detector with a collimator. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the approach and to investigate the achievable SPECT reconstruction quality. Methods A proof-of-concept experiment was performed to evaluate the possibility of nuclear imaging with an x-ray flat panel detector. The experiment was digitally replicated to study the accuracy of the simulations. Three flat panel configurations (with standard hardware and reconstruction methodology, with sophisticated reconstruction methodology, and with expected future hardware) and a conventional gamma camera were evaluated. The Jaszczak and the NEMA IQ phantom (filled with Tc-99m) were simulated and assessed on resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Results The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrated that nuclear images could be obtained from the flat panel detector. The simulation of the same configuration demonstrated that simulations could accurately predict the flat panel detector response. The CNR of the 37 mm sphere in the NEMA IQ phantom was 22.8 +/- 1.2 for the gamma camera reconstructions, while it was 11.3 +/- 0.7 for the standard flat panel detector. With sophisticated reconstruction methodology, the CNR improved to 13.5 +/- 1.4. The CNR can be expected to advance to 18.1 +/- 1.3 for future flat panel detectors. Conclusions The x-ray flat panel detector of a CBCT scanner might be used to perform nuclear imaging. The SPECT reconstruction quality will be lower than that achieved by a conventional gamma camera. The flat panel detector approach could, however, be useful in pr

关键词： 3D printing   Anatomy   Brain models   Brain surgery   Fused deposition modeling   Rapid prototyping   Simulation  

摘要： BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful tool for replicating patient-specific anatomic features for education and surgical planning. The advent of "desktop" 3D printing has created a cost-effective and widely available means for institutions with limited resources to implement a 3D-printing workflow into their clinical applications. The ability to physically manipulate the desired components of a "dynamic" 3D-printed model provides an additional dimension of anatomic understanding. There is currently a gap in the literature describing a cost-effective and time-efficient means of creating dynamic brain tumor 3D-printed models. METHODS: Using free, open-access software (3D Slicer) for patient imaging to Standard Tessellation Language file conversion, as well as open access Standard Tessellation Language editing software (Meshmixer), both intraaxial and extraaxial brain tumor models of patient-specific pathology are created. RESULTS: A step-by-step methodology and demonstration of the software manipulation techniques required for creating cost-effective, multidimensional brain tumor models for patient education and surgical planning are exhibited using a detailed written guide, images, and a video display. CONCLUSIONS: In this technical note, we describe in detail the specific functions of free, open-access software and desktop 3D printing techniques to create dynamic and patient-specific brain tumor models for education and surgical planning.

关键词： 智慧教学模式   大学英语   跨文化交际能力   培养   策略  

摘要： 创新培养策略是提高大学英语教学智慧互动性与新颖高效性的重要措施,也是解决传统英语教学资源不足难题及推进素质教育改革的主要途径,更对大学生跨文化交际能力、英语创新思维及英语知识体系等产生深远影响。本文简要分析英语智慧教学模式下培养大学生跨文化交际能力的必要性,提出一些具有科学合理的新建议来提高其培养水平。

关键词： 农村幼儿   礼貌用语   有效策略  

摘要： 幼儿对事物的判断能力是比较低的,无法正确的进行价值取舍,同时,幼儿的心理世界也极其容易受到外界的影响,周围人群的一举一动,都会影响到幼儿行为习惯的养成。而幼儿园和家庭是幼儿成长的两个重要场所,教师和监护人的言谈举止都会影响到幼儿的用语习惯,但是目前大部分农村幼儿都是留守儿童,父母外出务工,只留下老人陪孩子成长。但是老人的一些行为习惯,在某些方面是存在错误的,尤其是在日常用语上,而幼儿也会受到这些因素的影响,导致语言表达不规范。因此,本文针对上述情况提出培养农村幼儿礼貌用语的有效策略。

关键词： 公示语   英译   跨文化交际   问题对策  

摘要： 随着“中国文化走出去”战略的深入推进,越来越多的城市注重深度挖掘文化旅游优势,讲好地方故事。以黛眉山、龙潭峡为代表的洛阳黛眉山景区,作为国家5A和4A级景区,每年吸引众多国内外游客,其旅游景区公示语英译对提高本地文化软实力和文化输出具有重要作用。本文从跨文化视角,对洛阳市黛眉山景区的公示语英译现状进行实地考察,收集相关图片资料,经分类、总结,对代表性问题进行研究分析,并提出相应对策。

关键词： 机器翻译   问题   跨文化交际   解决对策  

摘要： 随着科技的发展,机器翻译大行其道,然而文化与语言的差异也证明了机器翻译存在一定的问题,文章收集了机器翻译的定义、结机器翻译在应用、跨文化交际、语言文化、以及译者主体性等方面出现的问题及解决对策,并探讨机器翻译未来的发展趋势,由此深化对机器翻译及其研究发展路径的认识。

关键词： 小学英语   英语口语   跨文化交际  

摘要： 交际性和实用性极强是小学英语日常用语的特征。语言作为交流工具,时刻反映着人们的价值观,体现着各个国家和地区的文化习俗。而了解各个国家和地区的文化习俗和差异,正是学好英语和有效运用英语的重要手段。教师通过关注学生的英语日常用语,能帮助学生掌握跨文化交际的能力,为日后在真实的情境下用英语进行有效交流打下基础。