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关键词： 高校英语教学   跨文化   交际能力   培养  

摘要： 随着全球化进程的加快,人们的交流越来越广泛。不同文化背景的人在交际过程中必然会面临文化差异的问题,跨文化交际能力就显得越来越重要。当前日益频繁的国际交流使得对跨文化交际人才的需求不断增加。除了教授语言,外语教学还承担起了文化知识传授的任务。对学生的跨文化交际能力进行培养成为了高校英语教学重要的研究课题。该文通过分析当前高校英语教学中跨文化交际能力培养中存在的问题,提出了在高校英语教学中培养学生跨文化交际能力的几点建议。

关键词： 跨文化交际   语用学   失误  

摘要： 目前,经济全球化加深了世界各国、各地区间的联系与合作,推动了各国的经济发展和文化交流。但在跨文化交际当中,人们受到本国和本民族语言文化和交际模式的影响,不能完全理解对方的交际意图和情感表达,语用失误由此出现。文章在跨文化视野下,从语言学的角度分析了语用失误的类型和成因,在探讨了语用失误的类型和成因之后,笔者结合目前跨文化交际和外语学习的实际情况,提出了规避语用失误的具体策略。

关键词： 数字化   体能训练   羽毛球   专项体能  

摘要： 运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对数字化体能训练在羽毛球项目中的应用进行综述,发现:可运用数字式手腕专项力量训练器、Myotest结合Gymaware对运动员的上下肢运动能力进行训练与测试;在速度灵敏素质训练中,运用红外线灵敏测速仪相关数据进行训练和统计;在速度耐力素质训练中,使用Firstbeat心率监控系统对羽毛球运动员训练中的恢复指数、心率信息等进行实时监控,并制订最大耗氧量评估方案。

关键词： 中国典籍   翻译教学   跨文化交际  

摘要： 旨在从跨文化交际视角来探讨典籍翻译教学。典籍翻译教学的重要目标是培养能够传播中国文化的跨文化交际人才。老师在教学中应注重培养学生跨文化交际的意识、素养、能力,引导学生采用合适的典籍翻译模式(兼顾充分性与可接受性中倾向前者)与翻译方法(兼顾异化与归化中倾向前者),同时教导学生注意灵活变通。以理论阐释与实例论证相结合,不仅有助于提升学生的翻译水平,更有助于培养出善于书写中国故事、弘扬中国文化的人才。

关键词： C1 screw   C1 lateral mass screw   K-wire   Venous plexus   Modified Harm's technique  

摘要： Instrumented fixation of the C1-C2 motion segment is a standard surgical technique to stabilise that spinal segment. Instability at C1-C2 can arise from a number of conditions. Fixation of the C1 lateral mass usually involves dissection and exposure of the C2 nerve root and the posterior wall of the C2 lateral mass which can result in significant bleeding from the venous plexus. Whilst image guidance is increasing in accessibility, there are few public hospitals in Australia that have access to this technology. The authors describe their technique for insertion of a C1 lateral mass screw over a threaded K-wire to avoid extensive dissection of the C2 nerve root, reducing the risk of significant haemorrhage from the epidural venous plexus during the procedure. A retrospective analysis was undertaken on 18 consecutive patients who underwent C1-C2 instrumented fixation using this technique. Indications for C1-C2 instrumented fixation included traumatic injury (10 patients), failure of non-operative management of odontoid fractures (5 patients), pathological fractures of C2 (2 patients) and inflammatory conditions (1 patient). All patients underwent successful C1-C2 stabilisation using this technique. Blood loss did not exceed 400m1s in any patient. There were no vertebral artery injuries and no patient experienced a neurological deterioration. The authors propose that their technique for insertion of a C1 lateral mass screw over a threaded K-wire is safe and effective with a low risk of neurological or vertebral artery injury. The technique may be considered as a slight modification of the Harm's procedure to reduce disturbance of the adjacent venous plexus and thereby reduction in intraoperative bleeding and operative time. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Endoscopic spine surgery   Spinal oncology   Transforaminal approach  

摘要： BACKGROUND: Identifying the histopathological diagnosis of a spinal tumor is the necessary step prior to pursuing subsequent treatment. Both minimally invasive and open spinal procedures have been described as useful methods of obtaining tumor tissue for diagnosis but differ by their limitations. Minimally invasive techniques, such as computed tomographyeguided biopsies, can expose the patient to radiation, and the tissue obtained may be non-diagnostic. Tubular and open procedures require collateral soft-tissue damage and may require bony removal leading to iatrogenic injury. Endoscopic approaches to the spine can be employed to avoid treatment delay in diagnosis, decrease length of stay, and provide adequate tissue for diagnosis. METHODS: We describe the surgical planning, tumor localization, and transforaminal endoscopic approach for tissue diagnosis of a lumbar spinal mass in a patient with a known history of Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma after a nondiagnostic computed tomographye guided biopsy. Final histopathological diagnosis of the lumbar spinal mass was consistent with large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the application of an endoscopic transforaminal approach in spine oncology. We also describe our technique on how we use a beveled working channel to obtain a large tissue core sample for definitive diagnosis.

关键词： alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)   intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT)   minimum monitor unit (MU) per energy layer   pencil beam scanning (PBS)   proton therapy  

摘要： Purpose This work aims to reduce dose delivery time of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton plans, which is the dominant factor of total plan delivery time. A proton PBS system, such as Varian ProBeam proton therapy system, can be equipped with the proton dose rate that is linearly proportional to the minimum monitor unit (MU) (i.e., number of protons) of PBS spots before saturation. Thus dose delivery time can be potentially reduced by increasing the MU threshold. However, commercially available treatment planning systems and current methods only allow for a single MU threshold globally for all PBS spots (i.e., all energy layers), and consequently the room to increase this minimum-MU for reducing dose delivery time is very limited since higher minimum-MU can greatly degrade treatment plan quality. Methods Two major innovations of this work are the proposal of using variable MU thresholds locally adaptive to each energy layer, that is, minimum-MU-per-energy-layer (MMPEL), for reducing dose delivery time, and the joint optimization of plan delivery time and plan quality. Minimum-MU-per-energy-layer is formulated as a constrained optimization problem with objectives of dose-volume-histogram based planning constraints and plan delivery time, and minimum-MU constraints per energy layer for deliverable PBS spots. Minimum-MU-per-energy-layer is solved by iterative convex relaxations via alternating direction method of multipliers. Results Representative prostate, lung, brain, head-and-neck, breast, liver and pancreas cases were used to validate MMPEL. Minimum-MU-per-energy-layer reduced dose delivery time to 53%, 67%, 67%, 53%, 54%, 32%, and 14% respectively while maintaining a similar plan quality. Accepting a slightly degraded plan quality that still met all physician planning constraints, the treatment time could be further reduced to 26%, 35%, 41%, 34%, 32%, 16%, and 11% respectively, or in another word MMPEL accelerated the PBS plan delivery by 2-10 fold. Conclusions A

关键词： body surface temperature   parturition prediction   precision dairy farming   wearable sensor  

摘要： In this study, we developed a calving prediction model based on continuous measurements of ventral tail base skin temperature (ST) with supervised machine learning and evaluated the predictive ability of the model in 2 dairy farms with distinct cattle management practices. The ST data were collected at 2- or 10-min intervals from 105 and 33 pregnant cattle (mean +/- standard deviation: 2.2 +/- 1.8 parities) reared in farms A (freestall barn, in a temperate climate) and B (tiestall barn, in a subarctic climate), respectively. After extracting maximum hourly ST, the change in values was expressed as residual ST (rST = actual hourly ST - mean ST for the same hour on the previous 3 d) and analyzed. In both farms, rST decreased in a biphasic manner before calving. Briefly, an ambient temperature-independent gradual decrease occurred from around 36 to 16 h before calving, and an ambient temperature-dependent sharp decrease occurred from around 6 h before until calving. To make a universal calving prediction model, training data were prepared from pregnant cattle under different ambient temperatures (10 data sets were randomly selected from each of the 3 ambient temperature groups: <15 degrees C, >= 15 degrees C to <25 degrees C, and >= 25 degrees C in farm A). An hourly calving prediction model was then constructed with the training data by support vector machine based on 15 features extracted from sensing data (indicative of pre-calving rST changes) and 1 feature from non-sensor-based data (days to expected calving date). When the prediction model was applied to the data that were not part of the training process, calving within the next 24 h was predicted with sensitivities and precisions of 85.3% and 71.9% in farm A (n = 75), and 81.8% and 67.5% in farm B (n = 33), respectively. No differences were observed in means and variances of intervals from the calving alerts to actual calving between farms (12.7 +/- 5.8 and 13.0 +/- 5.6 h in farms A and B, respectively). Above

关键词： 3D printing   computer-aided design   ischemia   myocardial perfusion image   myocardial phantom  

摘要： Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a novel myocardial phantom insert model that attaches to commercially available myocardial phantoms and simulates an ischemic area, using three-dimensional printing technology. Methods Ischemic inserts were designed to give four levels of absolute percent contrast (Low;10%, Medium;20%, High;35%, and Defect;100%) using CT images and computer-aided design software. The ischemic insert was composed of multiple slit structures to replicate myocardial ischemia. Myocardial phantom images with developed ischemic inserts were acquired using a SPECT/CT system and were then reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) with various cutoff frequencies of a Butterworth filter. The performance and utility of ischemic inserts were evaluated according to percent contrast and 5-point scoring. Results The percent contrast and scoring results changed according to the ischemic insert type, cutoff frequency, and reconstruction method. The percent contrast of each insert obtained by FBP with 0.4 cycles/cm was 4.1% (Low), 15.7% (Medium), 17.4% (High), and 36.1% (Defect). Similarly, the percent contrast of each insert obtained by IR with 0.4 cycles/cm was 5.0% (Low), 17.0% (Medium), 21.9% (High), and 47.7% (Defect). Conclusions We successfully developed an ischemic insert that attaches to a commercially available myocardial phantom by using CT imaging and 3D printing technology. Our proposed ischemic insert provided several abnormal perfusion patterns on myocardial SPECT images and may be useful for evaluating SPECT image quality.

关键词： Deformity correction   Pre-operative planning   Surgimap software