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关键词： 习语   文化   跨文化   跨文化交际  

摘要： 英语习语是现阶段的教学目标之一,也是理解英语语言文化、提高跨文化交际能力的有效途径。大学生对英语习语的理解普遍存在问题,对不同性质的习语理解有明显差异,对源于古典文学与历史的习语理解较差,对源于圣经的习语理解较好。据此,提出大学生提高英语习语理解能力和跨文化交流能力的建议。

关键词： 跨文化交际能力   大学英语教学   世界英语  

摘要： 语言的使用与本国独特的社会文化特点联系紧密。大学英语教学侧重培养学生的听说读写能力,对跨文化交际能力的培养重视不够,导致学生在与外国人交流时缺乏跨文化背景知识,产生各种误解,甚至无法理解对方的目的。该文探讨如何将培养学生的跨文化交际能力融入大学英语教学,引导学生认识本国文化与他国文化的差异,提升跨文化意识,从而更有效地进行英语交流活动。

关键词： 跨文化交际   “面子”文化   文化差异  

摘要： 文化是一个万花筒,不同的民族之间都有不同的文化呈现方式。在跨文化交际中人们体现出不同的行为方式与处事准则,也折射出不同文化之间的差异。文化的差异性有诸多方面,而面子文化的差异仅是其中一方面,人们对于面子文化的不同理解体现在与人们交际过程中的方方面面,本文重在分析中国与西方在交际时所表现的对"面子"的理解、对"面子"需求的差异,进而了解双方在维护面子时所采取的不同的策略,减少双方在相互交流的过程中因文化的不同而产生冲突,有助于人们了解和学习不同的文化,从而促进跨文化交际的顺利开展。

关键词： 商务英语教学   跨文化交际能力   渗透  

摘要： 跨文化交际能力是决定国际商务活动能否成功的关键因素,因此学生跨文化交际能力的培养在商务英语教学中显得尤其重要。本文着重探讨如何在商务英语教学中培养学生的跨文化交际能力。在教学中,教师可以从语言层面的语音、词汇、句法、语域、文本等方面的差异引导学生观察、体会中西方文化差异;从非语言层面的非语言行为(body language)、思维方式、价值观取向等方面渗透东西方文化的不同;并遵循实用性、阶段性、持久性原则培养学生的跨文化意识和能力。

关键词： 高中英语   跨文化   交际能力  

摘要： 在高中阶段,学生加强对于英语理论知识的学习是十分重要的,但同时培养学生的跨文化交际能力也是十分必要的。高中英语教师应该认识到培养学生跨文化交际能力的重要性,在教学中利用多媒体创建跨文化交际场景,利用英语教材中的内容进行文化渗透,在课堂上组织学生进行对话交流,从而培养学生的跨文化交际能力。

关键词： 全球化   交往行为理论   跨文化交际  

摘要： 当今时代随着科学技术的不断进步,全球化趋势迅猛发展,各民族和各文化都不可能在封闭的状态下自我发展,世界经济和文化你中有我、我中有你,世界变成了"地球村"。对此,"无他者"的现代性扩张理论认为,"同质的全球文化"取代了传统社会那种自给自足、自生自灭的状况;晚期资本主义认为在资本主义这个新的文化空间里,异质文化之间存在各种各样的矛盾,这些文化矛盾甚至可以上升为文化对抗;后殖民主义批判理论从本体论上质疑西方知识话语权利对第三世界民族国家文化的消解,批判、抵抗西方文化统治和话语霸权;文化冲突论主张意识形态和经济不再是新世界冲突的根源,文化明确划分了各民族的界限,成为引起人类冲突的根源。如何处理异质文化之间的关系、如何进行和谐有效的跨文化交际成为理论界和现实生活中亟待解决的问题。本文借鉴哈贝马斯的通过平等对话,达到人与人之间的相互理解、相互信任的"交往行为理论",主张在进行跨文化交际时应该承认各民族文化存在的合理性,交际主体之间通过对话,进行不受话语霸权控制的、平等的交往,达到人与人之间、异质文化之间的相互理解,共建和平和谐世界。

关键词： 文化交流   跨文化交际能力   翻译本科专业  

摘要： 中国逐渐走向世界舞台中心,为经济文化交流提供了有益的大环境。翻译专业学生作为国与国之间交流的桥梁,在其中扮演着重要的角色,而目前跨文化交际能力的欠缺,成为其发挥作用的绊脚石。采取"沉浸式"和"体验式"教学,营造积极的跨文化交际氛围以及增强翻译实践和技能培养,是提高翻译专业学生跨文化交际能力的良方。

关键词： C2   Cortical screw   High cervical spine surgery   High riding vertebral artery   Screw fixation  

摘要： BACKGROUND: For posterior fixation of C2 vertebra (the axis), several fixation techniques such as pedicle screw, laminar screw, and pars screw have been reported. A pedicle screw (PS) is considered the strongest among the techniques, but certain situations make PS fixation impossible or difficult. These include patients with a narrow C2 pedicle or high-riding vertebral artery. We introduced an alternative screw technique for C2 that addressed the aforementioned problems with safely placing it, which we termed a cortical screw (CS) for C2. METHODS: Among a total of 28 cases using C2 CS for high cervical spine surgery, 2 cases using C2 CS were described. One patient was a 76-year old woman with a gait disturbance and myelopathic symptoms and diagnosed with C1-C2 myelopathy and translational instability. The other case was 54-year old man with posterior neck pain after traffic accident and diagnosed with C1-C2 fracture-dislocation. We used the C2 CS as an alternative technique for high cervical spine surgery in these patients and describe the ideal entry point and trajectory. RESULTS: A postoperative computed tomography scan confirmed proper positioning of the C1 posterior arch screw and C2 CS, with satisfactory reduction of the C2 dens and adequate restoration of the C1-C2 spinal canal. The patient experienced no screw-related postoperative complications, and postoperative 1-year computed tomography images showed that solid union and good alignment of C1-2 segment was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: C2 CS can be suitable alternative for C2 screw fixation technique in posterior high cervical spine fusion surgery.

关键词： EOQ Model   Inventory Scarcity   Online Retailing  

摘要： Recent research suggests that the sales rate of a product would increase immediately after a seller posts a "scarcity message" to alert potential consumers that there are only a few units left in inventory. Knowing this effect, should an online seller post scarcity messages? In this technical note, we develop and analyze a variant of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model to capture this effect in an environment involving the sale of slow moving items. Our result suggests that, in general, posting scarcity messages is beneficial only for products with high or low retail margins. Scarcity messages will not be beneficial for products with moderate retail margins because the resulting extra ordering/inventory cost per unit of time outweighs the resulting extra gross profit per unit of time for these products.

关键词： Carotid endarterectomy   Electroretinogram   Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring   Visual evoked potential  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: Carotid revascularization surgery is known to carry a risk of postoperative visual deterioration associated with retinal ischemia. We checked intraoperative visual evoked potential (VEP) monitoring in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS: Ten consecutive patients who underwent CEA in Shinshu University Hospital under total intravenous anesthesia were checked by intraoperative VEP and electroretinogram (ERG) recording in addition to somatosensory evoked potential monitoring. RESULTS: Two of 10 patients presented decreased amplitude of VEP and ERG on the ipsilateral affected side by clamping the common carotid artery and persistent attenuation of VEP and ERG during external carotid artery occlusion, using an internal carotid shunt. These findings disappeared immediately after releasing the cervical carotid artery clamping. In the other 8 patients, VEP and ERG did not change throughout the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Transient retinal ischemia during even brief carotid artery occlusion in the CEA procedure could be estimated by intraoperative VEP and ERG monitoring.