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关键词： single-layer perceptron   statistical classification   generalization error   initialization   overtraining   dimensionality   complexity   sample size   scissors effect  

摘要： Unlike many other investigations on this topic, the present one does not consider the nonlinear SLP as a single special type of the classification rule. In SLP training we can obtain seven statistical classifiers of differing complexity. (1) the Euclidean distance classifier;(2) the standard Fisher linear discriminant function (DF);(3) the Fisher linear DF with pseudo-inversion of the covariance matrix;(4) regularized linear discriminant analysis;(5) the generalized Fisher DF;(6) the minimum empirical error classifier;and (7) the maximum margin classifier. ii survey of earlier and new results, referring to relationships between the complexity of six classifiers, generalization error, and the number of learning examples, is presented. These relationships depend on the complexities of both the classifier and the data. This knowledge indicates how to control the SLP classifier complexity purposefully by determining optimal values of the targets, learning-step and its change in the training process, the number of iterations, and addition or subtraction of a regularization term. A correct initialization of weights, and a simplifying data structure can help to reduce the generalization error. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 产品图样   质量监督检验   机械产品   石油机械设备  

摘要： 在对机械产品进行检验时,有些产品,如油管、抽油杆等其产品标准对检测项目规定的比较详细,我们只依照其标准进行检验就可以了。但有的产品标准只从整体性能及一些特殊要求对产品做了规定,没有对产品的零部件的质量要求做出规定。这样我们在进行检验时,就不能只依据标准,还必须参照企业生产用产品图样进行检验。笔者在多年对机械产品监督检验中发现,如果一味地按照生产企业提供的产品图样进行检验和判断,就会影响检验工作的科学性和权威性。

关键词： 果品   质量   监督检验   名牌战略  

关键词： 有偿保证   经济合同法   法律  

摘要： 经济合同的担保形式分有偿保证和无偿保证二种，实行有偿保证先进于无偿保证，使保人难找、保证难等问题迎刃而解；有利于增强保证人的法律意识和责任感，避免“人情保”和“官保”，保障了债权人合法权益的实现。

关键词： 无效经济合同   《经济合同法》   合同变更   违约责任   识记   基本原则   解决实际问题   合同的形式   合同履行   法律规定  

摘要： 《经济合同法》是注册视听生法律专业的一门选修课,属内蒙电大统管,由于该门课程理论难度大,实践性强,所以,为了便于学员学习理解和复习考试,我们对每一章的重点、难点作些说明和辅导,以起抛砖引玉的作用.

关键词： 存款人   存单   法律特性   储蓄机构   请求权   储蓄合同   联合国票据公约   收款人   所有权   票据金额  

摘要： 试论存单的法律特性——兼论存单与票据的区别姜梅香存单，在《美国统一商法典——商业票据》第（３－１０４条）中称为存款证，是流通票据的格式（即形式种类）之一；但英国、德国、日本及联合国票据公约中均未将存单作为票据来规定，《香港票据条例》虽经多次修订，但也...

关键词： Attitude of Health Personnel   Communication   Nurse-Patient Relations   Nursing Process   Nursing Records   Education   Nursing   Baccalaureate   Humans   Nursing Methodology Research   Questionnaires   Students   Nursing  

摘要： This paper comprises a brief examination of the concept of process recording and its current applications in nursing and health-related professions. The possible benefits and problems of using the process recording tool as a summative assignment method within a nursing diploma course will be discussed in the light of experience at one former college of health in the North of England. The author argues that the process recording assignment offers a useful means of relating communication theory to practice and an opportunity for students to engage in reflection on their practice in a structured way.

关键词： sickle cell disease   pain   coping   somatic awareness   African-Americans  

摘要： People with sickle cell disease (SCD) vary in their pain, activity levels, and medical care. We examined how coping (Coping Strategies Questionnaire), somatic awareness, and illness worry were related to these health indices in 70 African-American adults with SCD. Negative Thinking/Passive Adherence and/or somatic awareness was positively correlated with pain episode frequency, duration, or severity after controlling for demographics and disease severity and positively correlated with activity reduction or hospitalization frequency after also controlling for pain. Self-reported negative affectivity was correlated with both psychological and SCD measures;and controlling for negative affectivity eliminated several, but not all, relationships. Examination of the Negative Thinking/Passive Adherence factor suggested a distinction between Negative Thinking and Passive Adherence, which was partially supported by their different relationships. We conclude that negative thinking, passive coping, and somatic awareness are related to several measures of poor health in SCD but that some relationships are better accounted for by general measures of negative affectivity.

关键词： classification   discrimination   pattern recognition   density estimate   stopping rule  

摘要： The problem of determining the size of the training sample needed to achieve sufficiently small misclassification probability is considered. The appropriate sample size is approximated using a stopping rule. The proposed procedure is asymptotically optimal. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： 质量监督检验   机构   检验   产品质量   企业  

摘要： 在市场经济条件下,质量监督检验机构最主要的一项任务,就是对市场和流通领域的产品质量进行质量监督检验。它所出具的检验报告是评价产品质量、政府行政执法、质量仲裁判罚的重要依据,是商品进入市场的重要条件,是企业质量管理、新产品开发、技术改造。