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关键词： 药品质量   监督   检验   管理  

摘要： 1药品质量监督检验的性质药品质量监督检验是药品质量监督管理的重要依据.质量监督必须采用检验手段、如果整个检验过程不规范化,标准化、以上检验数据及检验结论不准确、不真实.将会造成监督工作的失误和不公正.为了加强药品质量监督检验.国家设置了专门的法定机构、配备了检验的各种仪器和专业技术人员,遵照国家的法律规定、对研制、生产、经营、使用及进出口药品,医疗单位自制的制剂质量依法进行检验.监督检验与药品生产企业的产品检验和药品经营企业的验收检验性质不同,它不涉及买卖双方的经济利益,不以营利为目的.药品监督检验具有权威性,仲裁性和公证性.

关键词： 合同   合同法   合同形式   现代经济  

摘要： 合同形式的确定与经济发展状况相联系 ,在市场经济条件下快捷、便利的方式自由原则符合当代经济发展的要求 ,而从安全出发 ,目前我国在涉外交往中仍可作出必须采用书面形式的特别规定。

关键词： 痕迹检验   交通肇事   交通肇事逃逸   事故类型   事故责任  

摘要： 本文针对目前交通肇事案件增多的特点，对痕迹检验在查处此类案件中的作用进行了论述，并应用实际案例加以说明，同时指出了在具体操作过程中应注意的问题。

关键词： 林业企业   木材检验   经济效益   技术培训   检验工作制度   经营承包  

摘要： 一、强化木材检验工作的必要性和重要性随着国家'天保'工程的实施,木材产量在逐年调减,大部分林业企业要实行封山育林,转向以营造和管护为主的良性经营模式,以森林面积、蓄积逐年增长、森林的三大效益为目标.

关键词： 合同形式   实体法效力   程序法效力  

摘要： 合同形式效力的学说国内有成立、生效、证据和对抗第三人效力之论 ,而大陆法系则主张“要件主义”或“证据主义” ,英美法系推行“结合主义”。通过对上述理论的加工和融合 ,本文提出了更适合于一般实践操作的实体法和程序法的双重效力主张。

关键词： genes   heritability   melanoma   nevi   twins  

摘要： Risk factors for melanoma include environmental (particularly ultraviolet exposure) and genetic factors. In rare families, susceptibility to melanoma is determined by high penetrance mutations in the genes CDKN2A or CDK4, with more common, less penetrant genes also postulated. A further, potent risk factor for melanoma is the presence of large numbers of melanocytic nevi so that genes controlling nevus phenotype could be such melanoma susceptibility genes. A large Australian study involving twins aged 12 y of predominantly U.K. ancestry showed strong evidence for genetic influence on nevus number and density. We carried out essentially the same study in the U.K. to gain insight into gene-environment interactions for nevi. One hundred and three monozygous (MZ) and 118 dizygous (DZ) twin pairs aged 10-18 y were examined in Yorkshire and Surrey, U.K. Nevus counts were, on average, higher in boys (mean = 98.6) than girls (83.8) (p = 0.009) and higher in Australia (110.4) than in the U.K. (79.2, adjusted to age 12 y, p < 0.0001), and nevus densities were higher on sun-exposed sites (92 per m(2)) than sun-protected sites (58 per m(2)) (p < 0.0001). Correlations in sex and age adjusted nevus density were higher in MZ pairs (0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96) than in DZ pairs (0.61, 95%CI 0.49-0.72), were notably similar to those of the Australian study (MZ = 0.94, DZ = 0.60), and were consistent with high heritability (65% in the U.K., 68% in Australia). We conclude that emergence of nevi in adolescents is under strong genetic control, whereas environmental exposures affect the mean number of nevi.

关键词： Aplodinotus grunniens   Stizostedion vitreum   Perca flavescens   growth   temperature   Weisberg model   correlation  

摘要： Growth histories for freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were constructed using calcified structures for the period 1947 through 1996 for the Red Lakes, Minnesota. Increased walleye growth and decreased yellow perch growth were observed over the period from 1983 to 1996, which are attributed to intensive fishing resulting in decreased intraspecific competition in walleye and increased intraspecific competition in yellow perch through release from predation. Strong year-classes of yellow perch were positively correlated with walleye growth (r=0.57, p-value=0.042). There was no evidence for interactions of walleye or yellow perch with freshwater drum. Freshwater drum growth (r=0.680, p-value=0.0001) was more highly correlated with temperature than were walleye (r=0.386, p-value=0.006) and yellow perch growth (r=0.303, p-value=0.036).

关键词： .distance   real exchange rates   Unit Roots   panel unit root   base currencies   Panel Tests   evidence of PPP  

摘要： We investigate the implications of the choice of numeraire currency on panel tests of purchasing power parity under the current regime of flexible exchange rates by conducting panel unit root tests with twenty-one different base currencies. We show that the conditions necessary for numeraire irrelevancy are not supported empirically, and that the choice of numeraire currency can and does matter for PPP. The evidence of PPP is stronger for European than for non-European base currencies. Distance between the countries and volatility of the exchange rates are the most important determinants of the results.

关键词： ACCOUNTING standards   CORPORATIONS -- Accounting   PRIVATE sector   PUBLIC sector   PROPERTY   MONEY   STANDARDS   GREAT Britain. Accounting Standards Board  

摘要： The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was launched by the United Kingdom Government in 1992 in order to encourage the private sector in the UK to become more involved in public sector development projects. A Key theme of the initiative was that the public should receive 'value for money'. This article investigates the accounting issue as to whether or not the private or the public sector should record any property related to PFI projects on balance sheet. It argues that although both HM Treasury and the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) might agree on the accounting principles, the practical impact is that in order for related properties to stay off the public sector's balance sheet, substantial risk needs to be transferred to the private sector: As a consequence of this, the objective of providing value for money to the public may not be achieved.

关键词： Interfaces   Crystallization   Energy   Surface interactions   Layers  

摘要： Conceptually, interfacial growth sites can be visualized as surfaces wherestereospecific molecular recognition takes place. In nature, some aspects of biomineral and icecrystal growth such as dimensionality, aspect ratio, and morphology can be manipulated by proteinsand polypeptides which stereospecifically interact with exposed crystal interfaces. It has beendemonstrated or proposed that, in some cases, crystal growth regulation polypeptides bind at theboundaries of growing crystals (i.e., "growth steps") where two interfacial surfaces intersect. Asan example, it is known that protein binding at calcite growth steps leads to step edge rougheningwith subsequent cessation of crystal growth, similar to that observed for calcite screw dislocationsin the presence of Mg(II), and can lead to the formation of a different crystal morphology at thatsite (i.e., polymorph switching). Thus, the interaction of macromolecules at crystal growth stepsites represents an important phenomenon whose elucidation will not only impact our understanding ofbiomineral and ice crystal growth but also improve our current capabilities in template-controlledcomposite material design.