教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 形式要件   合同诈骗罪   口头合同   客观方面   司法实践   略论   理论界   意见   难点   问题  

摘要： 合同诈骗罪在客观方面的形式要件是什么?是否涵盖口头合同?是目前困惑司法实践的难点,颇为理论界所关注.就此问题,目前有论者发表了几种意见,概述如下:

关键词： 卫生检验   疾病预防控制中心   卫生防疫   质量保证体系   应急体系  

摘要： 几十年来,卫生检验一直是卫生防疫工作的基础组成部分,卫生防疫的各项工作,不论是疾病预防还是卫生监督管理工作的开展都要以卫生检验所提供的科学数据为行动指导,卫生检验不仅为卫生防病及卫生监督提供最基础的数据资料,而且卫生检验技术的发展和提高更进一步促进了各项工作走向规范化与法制化.

关键词： 法医病理学   尸体检验   医疗纠纷   死因鉴定   作用   地位  

摘要： 2002年9月1日实施<医疗事故处理条例>(简称<条例>)以来,其中涉及死因的问题必须要法医参加,鉴于人们对于法医病理学尸体检验的工作了解不多,根据个人的实际工作经验与体会,阐述如下,供大家参考.

关键词： 质量监督检验检疫工作会议   国家质检总局   工作安排   质检部门   2003年  

摘要： 国家质检总局党组书记李传卿在全国质量监督检验检疫工作会议的总结讲话中,要求各级质检部门按照这次会议提出的总体部署,在实践发展这个执政兴国的第一要务中充分发挥质检部门应有的作用,并从9个方面提出了要求:一、要在推进产业结构调整中,全面实施'以质取胜'战略,在狠抓源头方面取得新进展,以质检部门的职能优势,为提高我国产业、企业和产品竞争力发挥作用.

关键词： 商贸公司   经济补偿金   福建长汀县   民事赔偿责任   刑事附带民事诉讼   通知   商贸大厦   劳动合同   劳动仲裁   合同的主要内容  

关键词： 电子合同   书面形式   对策   法律  

摘要： 不论是英美法系还是大陆法系 ,都对合同有采书面形式的要求 ,此要求构成了电子商务发展的主要法律障碍之一。在早期的电子数据交换中 ,通过在交换协议中承认电子化的要约和承诺具有书面的性质 ,此即书面形式要求的合同解决方法。在当今的互联网时代 ,联合国国际贸易法委员会《电子商务法示范法》和有关国内法采“功能等同”思路 ,将具有纸面合同功能的电子合同赋予书面合同的效力。此即书面形式要求的法律解决方法。而随着时代的发展和法律的演进 ,法律应直接承认电子化的意思表示的效力 ,从而建立电子合同制度。

关键词： Microenvironments   Neutrophils   Complex systems   Integrate   Neutrophil Infiltration   Infectious Agent   cell type   Dendritic Cells   Human   Epithelial Cells   Cell Locomotion   Host-Pathogen Interactions   basolateral membrane  

摘要： Many pathogens must overcome an epithelial barrier in order to establish an infection. Unsurprisingly, such pathogens have evolved different mechanisms to overcome this obstacle, targeting specific epithelial structures or functions. These include disruption of epithelial barrier function, transcytosing from the apical to the basolateral membrane domain or inducing cell movement such as neutrophil recruitment. When studying these processes in vivo, animal models often fail to mimic the disease observed in humans and present a complex system in which many variables cannot be controlled. Therefore, in vitro transepithelial models that permit the study of a relevant biological surface have been developed, to integrate not only interactions between bacteria and epithelial cells but also, under certain conditions, to integrate a third cell type, such as neutrophils or dendritic cells. Such models are particularly useful for studying the bacteria-host relationship as it would occur in the microenvironment of the human epithelium and have enhanced our understanding of the unique strategies by which pathogenic bacteria exploit host cells to overcome the initial epithelial hurdle.

关键词： germanium detectors   Monte Carlo simulation   gamma-ray interaction   multiple scattering coefficient   full-energy-peak efficiency  

摘要： Monte Carlo simulation results that were known to agree with efficiencies measured by means of radioactivity standards for two germanium detectors of very different sizes were used to examine efficiency responses to gamma rays of detectors that could not be measured directly or that would require use of numerous detectors. Contributions to the full-energy peak by multiple scattering of gamma rays preceding the photoelectric interaction were tabulated. The applicability of the commonly used straight-line relationship in logarithmic coordinates to plot intrinsic efficiency versus energy was tested for 14 detectors with widely different dimensions. Published empirical equations for predicting efficiency versus energy on the basis of detector volume were compared with simulation results. An equation that appears to be applicable to a wider range of volumes was obtained. The development of this equation makes it possible to evaluate the efficiencies of detectors with a wide range of volumes without necessitating direct measurement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： option valuation   currency options   GARCH   regime-switching   jump-diffusion  

摘要： We compare option valuation models based on regime-switching, GARCH, and jump-diffusion processes to a standard "smile" model, in which Black and Scholes (1973) implied volatilities are allowed to vary across strike prices. The regime-switching, GARCH, and jump-diffusion models provide significant improvement over a fixed smile model in fitting GBP and JPY option prices both in-sample and out-of-sample. The jump-diffusion model achieves the tightest fit. A time-varying smile model, however, provides hedging performance that is comparable to the other models for the GBP options. This result suggests that standard option valuation techniques may provide a reasonable basis for trading and hedging strategies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 财政政策   阶段性   非对称性   经济周期   中国   财政收入   经济波动  

摘要： 财政政策的非对称性主要是指它在经济周期的不同阶段对GDP的变化具有不同的响应。通过对经济周期状态的划分和度量 ,我们发现在我国财政收入和财政支出对不同程度的经济扩张和经济收缩具有非对称反应 ,而且预算盈余也表现了非对称迹象。因此 ,在我国经济的收缩期 ,应该加大财政政策的实施力度来刺激需求和促进经济增长 ,尤其要注意发挥财政收入对经济波动的调节作用。