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关键词： 农业标准化工作   检验检疫部门   技术性贸易壁垒   农产品出口   绿色壁垒   技术壁垒   数据显示   同比增长  

摘要： 近年来，我国农产品频频遭遇技术壁垒和绿色壁垒。商务部最新发布的数据显示：2006年，中国农产品出口达310．3亿美元，同比增长14．1％。但与此同时，我国有90％的农业及食品出口企业受国外技术性贸易壁垒措施的影响，每年损失约90亿美元。帮助农产品应对复杂苛刻的贸易壁垒，推动农产品出口的持续增长，关键在于做好农业标准化工作。对于这项艰巨迫切的任务，检验检疫部门义不容辞，而且大有可为。

关键词： 合同   欠缺书面形式   法律效果  

摘要： 合同的法定形式是法律对合同的载体形式的要求。在我国,对合同法定形式规定的大都是书面形式要求,对违反这一要求所产生的法律效果却没有明文规定。笔者通过对我国现行法律规定的分析,借鉴外国的立法例,提出对欠缺书面形式合同的法律后果的立法建议和选择。

关键词： 结核病诊断   细菌学检验   肺结核病   化疗效果   考核   中华人民共和国   分类标准   结核病分类法  

摘要： 肺结核病的诊断和化疗效果考核可涉及细菌学、影像学、病理形态学、免疫学和目前开展的分子生物学等多个领域，按照各自学科自身专用的方法和目的所做出的判断形成了各自的标准，均具有各自特点的科学性和应用价值。要制订一个包括以上各方面内容的肺结核诊断标准或分类标准是不太可能的，实际上往往是根据自身学科的特点来突出各自的重点。1998年修订的我国结核病分类法在2001年正式修改为中华人民共和国卫生行业标准（WS196-2001，结核病分类），其主要服务目的是控制我国结核病流行，重点是减少和防止结核分枝杆菌的传播，这就需要将隐藏在人群中的传染源及时发现和诊断，并予以彻底治疗，尽快使其失去传染性。这也是为什么在分类中强调肺结核的诊断应以痰菌检查为主，X线为辅的主要理由。

关键词： 金融服务贸易   “入世”承诺   金融开放  

摘要： 2007年是见证中国金融全面开放、全面改革的第一年。自2001年中国加入WTO以来,回顾五年多的发展和改革历程,中国金融服务业在“入世”开放承诺的推动下取得了长足的进步。本文将集中研究金融服务贸易的“入世”承诺及其作用机制,以及我国金融服务贸易“入世”承诺对金融体系稳健发展的影响。本文的结论是:金融服务贸易“入世”开放承诺有力地推动了我国金融业的对外开放程度、金融制度和监管体系的建立以及金融机构综合实力的提高。

关键词： 合同形式   合同法定形式   书面形式   合同效力  

摘要： 我国合同法未对合同的法定书面形式的效力加以规定,致使存在不同看法。法定书面形式的效力应当从其种类、范围、立法目的来加以确定。在法律未明确法定书面形式的效力时,我们认为其主要起到证据的作用。

关键词： 病案资料   法医   审查   伤者  

摘要： 目的探索病案资料在法医活体检验鉴定中的作用。方法将与伤者损伤有关的全部材料联系起来,并举例说明就病案资料与法医活体检验所见及调查材料等之间的联系,全面分析并进行综合审查。结果病案资料是法医活体检验鉴定中的重要文证资料,对法医能否准确作出法医学鉴定起着举足轻重的作用,也是检察法医文证审查的重要内容。法医在实际检案过程中经常会碰到一些伪假的病案,倘若不认真细致地对病案的客观性进行审查,就可能导致认定事实的错误,从而作出错误的鉴定结论,造成冤假错案。因此,法医对病案客观性的审查十分重要。结论规范病历书写,切实做好病案质量的监控,使病案资料在法医检验鉴定工作更具严肃性和科学性。

关键词： 概率神经网络   胃癌   傅里叶变换红外光谱   识别  

摘要： The probabilistic neural network(PNN) was applied in the recognition of cancerous stomach *** characteristic FTIR peak frequencies(including vas(CH3),vs(CH2),δ(CH2),vas(PO2-),v(C-O),vs(PO2-) and vs(nucleic acid(DNA,RNA),cell proteins and membrance lipids) from corresponding stomach cancer tissues were used as the input vectors of the PNN neural *** experimental results as follows: 1) when net parameter,spread,is 0.25～2.55,and the vas(PO2-),v(C-O),vs(PO2-) and vs(nucleic acid(DNA,RNA),cell proteins and membrance lipids) were employed as input vectors,PNN neural network exhibited the best performance with a mean accurate rate of recognition up to 96.2%;and when the spread between 0.2～4.60,and all the characteristic FTIR peak frequencies mentioned above were used as net input vectors,the PNN neural network exhibited a slightly lower performance with a mean accurate rate of recognition of 92.3%,while the PNN neural network performed very poorly when just v(C-O) and vs(PO2-) were used as input vectors with a mean accurate rate of recognition of 53.8%.2) In general,in comparison,PNN neural network should obviously be more excellent with respect to LVQ neural network(see ref.) in prediction and recognition of cancerous stomach tissues.

关键词： 农业标准化   检验检疫   农产品出口   绿色壁垒   技术壁垒   数据显示   贸易壁垒   出口企业  

摘要： 近年来,我国农产品频频遭遇技术壁垒和绿色壁垒。商务部最新发布的数据显示:2006年,中国农产品出口达310.3亿美元,与2005年同期相比增长14.1%。但与此同时,我国有90%的农业及食品出口企业受国外技术性贸易壁垒措施的影响,每年损失约90亿美元。帮助农产品应对复杂苛刻的贸易壁垒,推动农产品出口的持续增长,关键在于做好农业标准化工作。对于这项艰巨迫切的任务,检验检疫部门大有可为。

关键词： fuzzy logic   fault classification   transmission line  

摘要： An approach for classification of transmission line faults is presented. The approach is based on fuzzy logic and requires the consideration of the samples of three phase currents at one end of transmission line. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach extensive simulation studies, using EMTP and MATLAB, have been carried out for different types of fault considering wide variations in the operating conditions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： formalization   trade-offs   dialectics   interorganizational cooperation  

摘要： The mainstream literature on contracts, rules and procedures presumes that formalization is directed at coordination and control, and that its influence on performance is contingent upon firm, transaction and contextual characteristics. In response to recent calls for inquiries into dialectics in interorganizational relationships, and in an effort to provide managerial choice with a more prominent position in research on formalization, a complementary perspective is here being developed. We propose a framework in which formalization is presented as a duality, involving trade-offs between its functions and dysfunctions, and eventuating in dialectic tensions with which managers have to cope. In line with this, we argue that researchers should not only be preoccupied with assessing the 'rightness' of governance solutions, but also with the trade-offs and tensions associated with them. Our framework is illustrated by a case study of an alliance between a major European financial services firm and one of the world's leading retailers. The alliance managers in this particular relationship attempted to reduce or capitalize on the tensions associated with formalization by: (1) adopting a semi-structure, in which outcomes were formalized, but behaviour was not;(2) justifying formalization through referring to factors that were beyond their control, and;(3) alternating their emphasis on different requirements by each of the partner firms. The article shows that a dialectic perspective on formalization in interorganizational relationships offers a promising complement to the mainstream literature.