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关键词： 护理配合   临床检验   检验质量  

摘要： 一份高质量的检验结果，必须做到良好的临床检验的全面质量控制，也就是要做到质量前保证，质量控制以及质量后保证。这三个过程缺一不可，相辅相成，只有将这三个过程严格地控制好，才能有高质量的检验结果。质量前保证措施是指从患者的准备到标本的采集、储存运送、接受等各个环节，这些环节中有些需要检查人员的技术素质，而有些还需要临床科室的正确配合，特别是护理人员的正确配合。

关键词： 《劳动合同法》   中华人民共和国   劳动者合法权益   劳动力市场   内容简介   十届全国人大常委会   保护   成熟  

摘要： 十届全国人大常委会第二十八次会议审议通过了《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》（以下简称《劳动合同法》）。2005年12月，国务院将《劳动合同法（草案）》提请全国人大常委会第十九次会议初审后，委员长会议决定，将草案全文公布向社会公开征求意见，在一个月期间，共收到近二十万条左右的意见。

关键词： 私法性质   劳动合同形式   要式   不要式  

摘要： 劳动法被定位于公法和私法兼容的社会法法域已是学界的共识,但作为劳动法重要组成部分的劳动合同,在市场经济条件下,仍以私法性质为主导;劳动合同形式在我国立法进程中经历了一个从要式到不要式的嬗变和发展,由此决定劳动合同书面形式的效力从要件主义转向证据主义,而这一切正是"对劳动者进行倾斜保护"原则的具体体现。

关键词： 包装废物   分类   识别   识别标志  

摘要： 面对日益严重的商品包装废物问题,建立了包装废物的分类标准并给出了实施建议,提出了包装废物识别包括物理识别和价值识别的观点,指出包装废物的识别可通过废物识别标志实现,构建了包装废物识别标志的概念模型及其网络框图。

关键词： 规范   分析检验前   流程  

摘要： 分析了检验科与护理管理之间灰色地带存在的缺陷,提出了改进措施,规范分析前的工作流程,加强了护理人员与检验技术人员的交流与沟通,建立了新的工作方法,以增强分析前质量的准确。目的:提高了医、护、患三者对检验结果的满意度及可信度。方法:采用多种统计学数据进行分析,以纠正护理工作中的不足。结论:检验科的全面质量管理要真正做到快、稳、准为临床医生提供高质量的报失,必须要与护理人员及时沟通,否则,功馈一亏,研究表明,检验前阶段即包括检验申请、患者的准备、原始样品的采集一、运送到实验室等过程所占时间是全部时间的57.3%,而且是一阶段的质量控制,是整个检验质量控制中的一个容易忽视却又非常重要的环节。

关键词： .intervals   Photolysis Module   Community Multiscale   CMAQ modeling   new online   effective cross  

摘要： A prototype online photolysis module has been developed for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The module calculates actinic fluxes and photolysis rates ( j values) at every vertical level in each of seven wavelength intervals from 291 to 850 nm, as well as the total surface irradiance and aerosol optical depth within each interval. The module incorporates updated opacity at each time step, based on changes in local ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particle concentrations. The module is computationally efficient and requires less than 5% more central processing unit time than using the existing CMAQ "lookup" table method for calculating j values. The main focus of the work presented here is to describe the new online module as well as to highlight the differences between the effective cross sections from the lookup-table method currently being used and the updated effective cross sections from the new online approach. Comparisons of the vertical profiles for the photolysis rates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O-3) from the new online module with those using the effective cross sections from a standard CMAQ simulation show increases in the rates of both NO2 and O-3 photolysis.

关键词： repetitive magnetic stimulation   Hirschsprung's disease   chronic constipation   sacral neural system  

摘要： We examined the interaction between the sacral neural system and the anorectal activity using a technique comprising repetitive magnetic stimulation. Thirteen control children without any bowel dysmotility (age range;3 month old to 15 year old), 20 patients with chronic constipation (1 month old to 14 year old), and nine pre-operative patients with Hirschsprung's disease (1 month old to 6 year old) were examined. Magnetic stimulation was applied at the S3 level using the MagPro (Medtronic) device while simultaneously performing manometric recordings of the anorectal activity. In the 13 controls and the 20 patients with chronic constipation, the rectoanal reflex was demonstrated by balloon rectal dilatation. The sphincter response to magnetic stimulation was biphasic in the controls, consisting of an initial rise followed by a decrease in the sphincter pressure, while it varied among the patients with chronic constipation including a biphasic response in 16 patients, no response in three patients, and only a transient rise in pressure in one patient. In nine pre-operative patients with Hirschsprung's disease, no rectoanal reflex was observed, however, the sphincter pressure increased due to magnetic stimulation in six patients, while three patients exhibited no recordable responses. These results suggest that the repetitive magnetic stimulation technique is a valuable modality for investigating the neural interaction between the sacral nervous system and the anorectum.

关键词： Aurantii Fructus   high-performance liquid chromatography   multivariate analysis   species classification  

摘要： Twenty commercial samples of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Poncitrus trifoliata) and 30 of Aurantii Fructus Maturus (Citrus aurantium and C. wilsonii) were collected from the Taiwan and China herbal markets. The contents of 12 constituents in these samples were determined by HPLC and were used to assess the potential relationships with their plant origins. Multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used as classification procedures. Natural groupings of the samples divided into three sets successfully, 20 P. trifoliata, 15 C. aurantium, and 15 C. wilsonii, were observed by using PCA and CA. The application of LDA gave correct assignation percentages of 100.0% for all three groups.

关键词： classification   support vector machine   image analysis  

摘要： In this paper a method for the automatic DNA spots classification and extraction of profiles associated in DNA polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis is presented and it integrates the use of image processing techniques and chemometrics tools. A software which implements this method was developed;for feature extraction a combination of a PCA analysis and a C4.5 decision tree were used. To obtain good results in the profile extraction only DNA spots are useful;therefore, it was necessary to solve a two-class classification problem among DNA spots and no-DNA spots. In order to perform the classification process with high velocity, effectiveness and robustness, comparative classification studies among support vector machine (SVM), K-NN and PLS-DA classifiers were made. The best results obtained with the SVM classifier demonstrated the advantages attributed to it in the literature as a two-class classifier. A Sequential Cluster Leader Algorithm and another one developed for the restoration of pattern missing spots were needed to conclude the profiles extraction step. The experimental results show that this method has a very effective computational behavior and effectiveness, and provide a very useful tool to decrease the time and increase the quality of the specialist responses. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： X-ray scattering   Rh tube   synchrotron radiation   multivariate analysis   organic samples  

摘要： This work compares the performance of X-ray tube induced and synchrotron induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence in generating scattering profiles when organic samples are irradiated. in the first case, this effect produces sharper peaks, well defined in the spectra, whereas synchrotron-induced scatter are seen as broad bands. These effects may be used for classifying simple materials like graphite, coke, activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, all having the same composition but different structures, using multivariate data analysis. In a second sample set, the method was applied to liquid samples of different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol). Classifications were obtained in both cases independent of the X-ray source (synchrotron radiation or X-ray tube radiation), showing that the use of chemometric tools combined with X-ray spectrometry can efficiently distinguish organic samples by using scattering effects. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.