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关键词： Breast cancer   Receptor concordance   ER   PR   HER2   Random forest   IHC   Biomarkers   qPCR  

摘要： Breast cancers are categorized into three subtypes based on protein expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/ERBB2). Patients enroll onto experimental clinical trials based on ER, PR, and HER2 status and, as receptor status is prognostic and defines treatment regimens, central receptor confirmation is critical for interpreting results from these trials. Patients enrolling onto experimental clinical trials in the metastatic setting often have limited available archival tissue that might better be used for comprehensive molecular profiling rather than slide-intensive reconfirmation of receptor status. We developed a Random Forests-based algorithm using a training set of 158 samples with centrally confirmed IHC status, and subsequently validated this algorithm on multiple test sets with known, locally determined IHC status. We observed a strong correlation between target mRNA expression and IHC assays for HER2 and ER, achieving an overall accuracy of 97 and 96 %, respectively. For determining PR status, which had the highest discordance between central and local IHC, incorporation of expression of co-regulated genes in a multivariate approach added predictive value, outperforming the single, target gene approach by a 10 % margin in overall accuracy. Our results suggest that multiplexed qRT-PCR profiling of ESR1, PGR, and ERBB2 mRNA, along with several other subtype associated genes, can effectively confirm breast cancer subtype, thereby conserving tumor sections and enabling additional biomarker data to be obtained from patients enrolled onto experimental clinical trials.

关键词： analysis of algorithms   suboptimal algorithms   marketing   product policy   fractional programming   attraction model   assortment optimization  

摘要： Motivated by retailers' frequent introduction of new items to refresh product lines and maintain their market shares, we present the assortment packing problem in which a firm must decide, in advance, the release date of each product in a given collection over a selling season. Our formulation models the trade-offs among profit margins, preference weights, and limited life cycles. A key aspect of the problem is that each product is short-lived in the sense that, once introduced, its attractiveness lasts only a few periods and vanishes over time. The objective is to determine when to introduce each product to maximize the total profit over the selling season. Even for two periods, the corresponding optimization problem is shown to be NP-complete. As a result, we study a continuous relaxation of the problem that approximates the problem well, when the number of products is large. When margins are identical and product preferences decay exponentially, its solution can be characterized: it is optimal to introduce products with slower decays earlier. The structural properties of the relaxation also help us to develop several heuristics, for which we establish performance guarantees. We test our heuristics with data on sales and release dates of women's handbags from an accessories retailer. The numerical experiments show that the heuristics perform very well and can yield significant improvements in profitability.

关键词： Bioinformatics   Biology and life sciences   Computational biology   Database and informatics methods   Genomics statistics   Research and analysis methods   Research Article  

摘要： Introduction: The widespread application of microarray experiments to cancer research is astounding including lung cancer, one of the most common fatal human tumors. Among non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), there are two major histological types of NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results: In this paper, we proposed to integrate a visualization method called Radial Coordinate Visualization (Radviz) with a suitable classifier, aiming at discriminating two NSCLC subtypes using patients' gene expression profiles. Our analyses on simulated data and a real microarray dataset show that combining with a classification method, Radviz may play a role in selecting relevant features and ameliorating parsimony, while the final model suffers no or least loss of accuracy. Most importantly, a graphic representation is more easily understandable and implementable for a clinician than statistical methods and/or mathematic equations. Conclusion: To conclude, using the NSCLC microarray data presented here as a benchmark, the comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism associated with NSCLC and of the mechanisms with its subtypes and respective stages will become reality in the near future.

关键词： 在用设备   检测检验   存在问题   分析   技术支撑  

摘要： 本文介绍了煤矿在用安全设备检测检验的作用.通过对在用设备的检测检验,测出看不见的隐患,查出存在的安全隐患问题,为使用单位提供科学真实的在用设备使用状况,做到有隐患早治理,有问题早防备,把事故消灭在萌芽状态,从而保证煤矿在用设备的安全、经济运行,为煤矿安全生产提供技术支撑。

关键词： 质量控制   临床免疫检验   作用研究  

摘要： 目的探讨质量控制在临床免疫检验中的现实作用,为临床免疫检验提供指导和参考。方法收集我院2013年1月至2014年1月临床免疫检验的标本接收及审核资料,并对该数据进行统计学处理,分析质量控制的现实作用,探讨改进方法。结果HBsAg、HBsAb符合率为100%,HBeAg、HBeAb符合率为98%、HBcAb符合率98%。结论质量控制可提高临床免疫检验的准确性和真实性,提高了检验质量,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。

关键词： 肾上腺皮质类疾病   生化检验   临床诊断  

摘要： 目的:探讨生化检验对肾上腺皮质类疾病诊断效果。方法对2010年9月~2013年9月我院接收治疗的肾上腺皮质类疾病患者120例进行回顾性分析。其中80例患者采取放射免疫法检验,检验指标包括血浆醛固酮(ALD)、24h尿17-羟皮质类固醇(17-OHCS)、24h尿醛固酮测定;40例患者行常规生化检验,检验指标包括GLU、TC、TG、TBIL、ALT、CER、TP、AST、HDL-C、Ua、K、Na、Ca、Cl、P变化浓度。结果观察组80例患者中,有76例患者经放射免疫检验与临床诊断结果相符,检验有效,特异性为95.0%,对照组40例患者中,有29例患者经常规生化检验,结果与临床诊断相符,特异性为72.5%,两组患者检验特异性差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论放射免疫检查诊断肾上腺皮质类疾病较常规检验灵敏度高,能更加有效对该类疾病进行临床诊断,是该类疾病较为有效可行的诊断方法。

关键词： 《农作物种子检验规程》   棉花种子   国家质量监督检验检疫总局   《农作物种子质量标准》   国家技术监督局   管理   企业   GB/T  

摘要： 种子检验是指采取科学的技术和方法，对种子质量进行分析研究，判断其优劣，评定其种用价值的过程[1]。目前，我国棉花种子检验方法主要为原国家技术监督局（现为国家质量监督检验检疫总局）1995年发布的《农作物种子检验规程》即GB/T 3543.1~3543.7-1995，检测项目主要为棉花种子的纯度、净度、发芽率、水分等指标，种子质量执行国家质量监督检验检疫总局2008年发布的《农作物种子质量标准》即GB 4407.1-2008国家强制标准，质量判定规则执行国家质量监督检验检疫总局2006年发布的《农作物种子标签通则》即GB 20464-2006的规定。

关键词： 司法会计技术   痕迹检验   意义   案件侦破   财务会计资料   起诉部门   财务活动   犯罪嫌疑人  

摘要： 任何业务和财务活动,都应当在财务会计资料中形成一定的可觉察的资料或印迹,这种资料或印迹被称作会计痕迹.广义上说,会计痕迹还应当包括通过对有痕迹的检验确认无会计痕迹存在.司法会计对会计痕迹的检验,就是通过司法会计技术检验确认会计痕迹的有无及分析确认疑似痕迹的真伪,从而确认是否存在犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌犯罪的财务会计事项的证据.近年来,该县检察院司法会计技术人员与侦查起诉部门一起,在侦技捕诉一体化工作中,借助科技优势,运用司法会计技术手段,成功侦破和起诉了一批有影响的案件.会计痕迹检验在这些案件的侦查、起诉、审判等诉讼活动中,对案件侦破和定罪量刑都起了重要作角.笔者在此通过对一起隐藏会计痕迹检验的分析,探讨司法会计痕迹检验的意义和作用.

关键词： 医学检验   分子生物传感器   分子蛋白组学   分子生物芯片技术  

摘要： 从近几年分子生物学方法的运用来看,以核酸生化作为基础的新技术成为了当前医学检验的最新方法,在医学检验领域上得到了广泛的应用。笔者在前人相关研究的基础上,结合自己的实际工作经验和认识,谈谈分子生物学中的几个相关技术,希望读者可以加深对此的认识和了解。