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关键词： lithium ion battery   cell classification   battery pack   self-organising map   electric vehicles  

摘要： This paper presents a self-organising map (SOM) based classification of lithium iron phosphate cells for a battery pack in EVs. The experimental data of the cells have been obtained to train the SOM. The temperature variation, internal resistance and available capacity of the cells are used as the inputs of the SOM, and the output of the SOM classifies the cells into three groups with the similar characteristics in terms of its input parameters. Then, the cells in the same group are connected in series to build a sorted battery pack whereas the randomly chosen cells are connected in series to build an unsorted battery pack. The comparison of the consistency between these two battery packs under different discharging conditions has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed classification method. In addition, the experimental results show that state of charge based approaches for cell balancing are more effective than voltage based approaches.

关键词： 循环贸易   商业目的   民间借贷   交易形式   合同效力  

摘要： 最高人民法院最近做出的关于循环贸易的终审判决中，一改以往合同无效的裁判路径，认定合同有效。这一转变的原因有具体个案的差异，更体现了最高院在商事案件裁判中对合理商业逻辑、交易形式的尊重。本文从具有代表性的案件出发，通过深入剖析循环贸易背后的各项商业目的以及交易形式，论证循环贸易合同的有效性，明确尊重商业形式和意思自治的商事审判应然路径。

摘要： This dissertation lays the foundation for linguistic inquiry into the question of how speakers of English know when a contractual offer has been made. Of primary interest here is the issue of whether the perception that an offer has been made is somehow, apparently silently, reflected in the syntax and semantics of the language of the offer itself or whether such a perception is a matter of intention on the part of the speaker and/or inference on the part of the hearer – notions that have no real reflection in the “literal” meaning of the language of offers in the typical case. Using traditional linguistic methodology, I argue that the latter is more likely: In particular, I show that the postulation of silent offer or promise elements in the syntax and semantics of a typical contractual offer produces incorrect predictions as to which sentences of English should be viable contractual offers and as to what contractual offers should mean. The dissertation is written for popular consumption, so no expertise in linguistics (or law) is presumed.

关键词： 合同形式   适用范围   合同效力  

摘要： 合同的形式,是缔约人明确相互之间权利义务关系的表达方式,也是缔约双方对达成协议之合意的表现方法。合同的形式对合同效力产生影响,法定形式的要件通常会决定着合同效力的走向。研究合同形式要件的发展历史,一方面可以帮助我们厘清合同发展的走向、趋势,另一方面,可以帮助立法者平衡合同形式对合同效力的影响后果。

关键词： Slags  

摘要： A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique coupled with random forest based on variable importance (VIRF) was proposed to perform the classification analysis of slag samples. Three types of slag samples (open-hearth furnace slag, converter slag and high titanium slag) were identified and classified by a random forest (RF) method with different pre-processing methods (normalized with maximum integrated intensity, first-order derivative and second-order derivative) and different input variables (200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700 and 200-800 nm), and the importance of the input variable was employed to improve the classification performance of the RF model for slag samples. Averaged OOB (out-of-bag) error, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated to evaluate the classification performance of the RF model for slags. Normalized by maximum integrated intensity LIBS spectra (200-500 nm) of slag samples were used as the input variable to construct the PLS-DA, SVM, RF and VIRF models for the classification analysis of slags. The VIRF model shows a better classification performance than the other three models. The LIBS technique coupled with RF perhaps is a promising approach to achieve the online analysis and process control of slag and even industrial waste recycling.

关键词： 病案资料   法医活体检验鉴定   审查   价值  

摘要： 目的:对病案资料在法医活体检验鉴定中的作用进行评价分析。方法:对于相关伤者发生损伤的有关材料进行系统的整理,通过举例的方式,对病案资料与法医活体检验间的具体关系进行说明。结果:在法医活体检验鉴定过程中,病案资料是一项十分重要的文证资料,可为法医准确做出法医学鉴定提供可靠的参考依据,同时是检察法医文证审查的一项重要内容。结论:对病历实施规范化的疏泄,做好质量监测,可保证病案资料在法医检验鉴定过程能够具有更高的严肃性和科学性,值得关注。

关键词： 航空产品   质量控制   质量检验   作用  

摘要： 航天商品科技含量极高,结构设计精密复杂,每一个合格的航空产品都是由质量合格的整体框架、子系统、电子部件、元器件及软、硬件系统组成的,具有高科技设计与组装复杂的特殊性。这使得航空产品及其零部件的衍生品在生产过程中,质量检验工作难度系数较大。但是航空产品在使用过程中,只要出现微小的的疏忽就有可能酿造严重航空事故,所以质量检验工作必不可少。本文重点研究了航空产品质量控制过程中质量检验的作用,希望对提高我国航空技术水平有所帮助。

关键词： Fuzziness   misclassification   generalization   boundary point   Divide-and-Conquer strategy  

摘要： This paper investigates a relationship between the fuzziness of a classifier and the misclassification rate of the classifier on a group of samples. For a given trained classifier that outputs a membership vector, we demonstrate experimentally that samples with higher fuzziness outputted by the classifier mean a bigger risk of misclassification. We then propose a fuzziness category based divide-and-conquer strategy which separates the high-fuzziness samples from the low fuzziness samples. A particular technique is used to handle the high-fuzziness samples for promoting the classifier performance. The reasonability of the approach is theoretically explained and its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated.

关键词： 理化检验   疾病预防控制   作用  

摘要： 卫生理化检验是卫生检验工作的重要内容,特别是随着改革开放的逐步深入以及经济一体化的不断发展,世界贸易日益频繁,卫生理化检验在预防和控制疾病、保障人民健康发挥了重要作用,本文结合当今现状和国内外有关文献对理化检验的重要意义,分析了食品理化检验及作用、环境理化检验及作用和职业卫生理化检验的意义及在疾病预防控制中的作用进行阐述。

关键词： Psychology   Clinical  

摘要： The purpose of this dissertation project was to examine the theoretical and empirical importance of perceptions of interpersonal relationships to suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior in an adolescent clinical sample. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)